IGUANe: A 3D generalizable CycleGAN for multicenter harmonization of brain MR images.

In MRI studies, the aggregation of imaging data from multiple acquisition sites enhances sample size but may introduce site-related variabilities that hinder consistency in subsequent analyses. Deep learning methods for image translation have emerged as a solution for harmonizing MR images across sites. In this study, we introduce IGUANe (Image Generation with Unified Adversarial Networks), an original 3D model that leverages the strengths of domain translation and straightforward application of style transfer methods for multicenter brain MR image harmonization.

Performance of an Open-Source Large Language Model in Extracting Information from Free-Text Radiology Reports.

Purpose To assess the performance of a local open-source large language model (LLM) in various information extraction tasks from real-life emergency brain MRI reports. Materials and Methods All consecutive emergency brain MRI reports written in 2022 from a French quaternary center were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists identified MRI scans that were performed in the emergency department for headaches.

The Use of Image Guided Programming to Improve Deep Brain Stimulation Workflows with Directional Leads in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a preferred treatment for parkinsonian patients with severe motor fluctuations. Proper targeting of the STN sensorimotor segment appears to be a crucial factor for success of the procedure. The recent introduction of directional leads theoretically increases stimulation specificity in this challenging area but also requires more precise stimulation parameters.

A three-dimensional deep learning model for inter-site harmonization of structural MR images of the brain: Extensive validation with a multicenter dataset.

In multicenter MRI studies, pooling the imaging data can introduce site-related variabilities and can therefore bias the subsequent analyses. To harmonize the intensity distributions of brain MR images in a multicenter dataset, unsupervised deep learning methods can be employed. Here, we developed a model based on cycle-consistent adversarial networks for the harmonization of T1-weighted brain MR images.

Targeted magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI) of small changes in the T and spatial properties of normal or near normal appearing white and gray matter in disease of the brain using divided subtracted inversion recovery (dSIR) and divided reverse subtracted inversion recovery (drSIR) sequences.

This review describes targeted magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI) of small changes in the T and the spatial properties of normal or near normal appearing white or gray matter in disease of the brain. It employs divided subtracted inversion recovery (dSIR) and divided reverse subtracted inversion recovery (drSIR) sequences to increase the contrast produced by small changes in T by up to 15 times compared to conventional T-weighted inversion recovery (IR) sequences such as magnetization prepared-rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP-RAGE). This increase in contrast can be used to reveal disease with only small changes in T in normal appearing white or gray matter that is not apparent on conventional MP-RAGE, T-weighted spin echo (T-wSE) and/or fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T-FLAIR) images.

Advanced imaging in first episode psychosis: a systematic review.

First-episode psychosis (FEP) is defined as the first occurrence of delusions, hallucinations, or psychic disorganization of significant magnitude, lasting more than 7 days. Evolution is difficult to predict since the first episode remains isolated in one third of cases, while recurrence occurs in another third, and the last third progresses to a schizo-affective disorder. It has been suggested that the longer psychosis goes unnoticed and untreated, the more severe the probability of relapse and recovery.

Hypothalamic neuroglial plasticity is regulated by anti-Müllerian hormone and disrupted in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting between 5 and 18% of women worldwide. An elevated frequency of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and higher serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) are frequently observed in women with PCOS. The origin of these abnormalities is, however, not well understood.

Trial of Deferiprone in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Iron content is increased in the substantia nigra of persons with Parkinson's disease and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disorder. Early research suggests that the iron chelator deferiprone can reduce nigrostriatal iron content in persons with Parkinson's disease, but its effects on disease progression are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind trial involving participants with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease who had never received levodopa.

European recommendations on practices in pediatric neuroradiology: consensus document from the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) and European Union of Medical Specialists Division of Neuroradiology (UEMS).

Pediatric neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology, with possible pathways to train within the discipline from neuroradiology or pediatric radiology. Formalized pediatric neuroradiology training programs are not available in most European countries. We aimed to construct a European consensus document providing recommendations for the safe practice of pediatric neuroradiology.

Optic Nerve Lesion Length at the Acute Phase of Optic Neuritis Is Predictive of Retinal Neuronal Loss.

Background And Objectives: Acute optic neuritis (ON) is a classical presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and anti-MOG-associated disorders. The resulting visual impairment is variable and can be severe. Clinicians are in need of predictive biomarkers to optimize the management of acute ON.

Longitudinal Analysis of Brain-Predicted Age in Amnestic and Non-amnestic Sporadic Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

Predicted age difference (PAD) is a score computed by subtracting chronological age from "brain" age, which is estimated using neuroimaging data. The goal of this study was to evaluate the PAD as a marker of phenotypic heterogeneity and severity among early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) patients. We first used 3D T1-weighted (3D-T1) magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 3,227 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 85 years to train, optimize, and evaluate the brain age model.

Cerebral mucormycosis: neuroimaging findings and histopathological correlation.

Introduction: Mucormycosis are infections caused by molds of the order Mucorales. These opportunistic infections are rare, difficult to diagnose, and have a poor prognosis. We aimed to describe common radiographic patterns that may help to diagnose cerebral mucormycosis and search for histopathological correlations with imaging data.

Prediction of Long-term Cognitive Function After Minor Stroke Using Functional Connectivity.

Objective: To determine whether functional MRI connectivity can predict long-term cognitive function 36 months after minor stroke.

Methods: Seventy-two participants with first-ever stroke were included at baseline and followed up for 36 months. A ridge regression machine learning algorithm was developed and used to predict cognitive scores 36 months poststroke on the basis of the functional networks measured using MRI at 6 months (referred to here as the poststroke cognitive impairment [PSCI] network).

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: MRI findings in HIV-infected patients are closer to rituximab- than natalizumab-associated PML.

Objectives: To compare brain MRI findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated to rituximab and natalizumab treatments and HIV infection.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, multicentric study, we analyzed brain MRI exams from 72 patients diagnosed with definite PML: 32 after natalizumab treatment, 20 after rituximab treatment, and 20 HIV patients. We compared T2- or FLAIR-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images, T2*-weighted images, and contrast enhancement features, as well as lesion distribution, especially gray matter involvement.

Optical coherence tomography for detection of asymptomatic optic nerve lesions in clinically isolated syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of intereye retinal thickness difference (IETD) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect asymptomatic optic nerve involvement in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients who recently presented a CIS (≤4.5 months).

Mechanical thrombectomy for ischaemic stroke in the anterior circulation: off-hours effect.

Background: Patients treated at off-hours for acute conditions have increased mortality rates. This effect has been poorly evaluated in patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Objective: This study aimed at comparing outcomes between patients treated at off-hours and at working hours by MT for acute stroke due to large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, in a well-organised network.

Asymptomatic optic nerve lesions: An underestimated cause of silent retinal atrophy in MS.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of asymptomatic optic nerve lesions and their role in the asymptomatic retinal neuroaxonal loss observed in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We included patients with remitting-relapsing MS in the VWIMS study (Analysis of Neurodegenerative Process Within Visual Ways In Multiple Sclerosis) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: 03656055).