Publications by authors named "Jean Philippe Chaput"
Background: Adolescents who engage in physical activity experience positive mental health outcomes. However, the increasing prevalence of physical inactivity combined with high screen time use among adolescents is a growing concern. Parents play an important role in shaping adolescents' physical activity and screen time levels through active participation and involvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparing and assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for different populations with and without chronic conditions and/or disabilities: a systematic review protocol.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med
December 2024
Physical activity guidelines targeting different populations with and without chronic diseases or disabilities are required to meet the diverse functional and physiological needs experienced by different subgroups of people to achieve optimal health benefits. As the importance of physical activity guidelines in promoting optimal health and well-being becomes increasingly recognised, there is a critical need for their systematic evaluation to ensure they remain effective, applicable and aligned with evolving health needs and scientific insights. This study aims to systematically review, critically evaluate, and compare global physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines on frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions and/or disabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe essential role of sleep in overall health is increasingly recognized, yet it remains underemphasized in both clinical and public health contexts. Despite extensive research linking poor sleep health to chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive decline, sleep health is not routinely assessed or integrated into standard care practices. Sleep problems, including insomnia, sleep apnea, and poor sleep quality, are prevalent globally, affecting over 30 % of the population and contributing to significant public health burdens like cardiometabolic disease, mental health disorders and multimorbidity.
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- - This study investigates how irregular sleep patterns affect the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) among adults aged 40-79, using data from wrist-worn accelerometers to measure sleep regularity.
- - Results from over 72,000 participants show that those with irregular sleep are at a significantly higher risk of MACE, with the risk increasing as sleep regularity decreases.
- - Importantly, while adequate sleep duration can reduce MACE risk for moderately irregular sleepers, it doesn't offset the high risk for those with irregular sleep, highlighting the need to consider sleep regularity in health guidelines.
Valid and reliable sleep measures during the early years are crucial for practitioners and researchers seeking accurate evaluation methods. The authors in this review systematically examined the psychometric properties of instruments containing reported sleep measures in children from birth to <5 years of age. The search was conducted using several electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and HaPI, with the most recent update on August 30, 2022.
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- The study aims to update national estimates and trends of insomnia symptoms in Canada from 2007 to 2021, to inform effective prevention and intervention strategies.
- Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey reveals that insomnia symptoms remained stable overall but increased notably among women aged 18-64 and individuals with a medium education level.
- The findings indicate that insomnia symptoms are twice as prevalent in individuals with poor self-perceived health, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for the most impacted groups.
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at how sleep health factors (like insomnia, sleep duration, and daytime wakefulness) relate to mental health indicators among Canadian youth in grades 6-10.
- The analysis involved nearly 14,900 students and used logistic regression models to evaluate the connections while accounting for other influencing factors.
- Results indicated that better sleep health is linked to greater life satisfaction, positive feelings, self-efficacy, and self-confidence, with these associations being significant across different genders and ages.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore how consistent sleep patterns (measured by the Sleep Regularity Index) influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults aged 40-79.
- Researchers tracked 73,630 individuals over 8 years, finding that those with irregular sleep patterns were at a higher risk of T2D than regular sleepers, regardless of getting the recommended sleep duration.
- The findings suggest that promoting consistent sleep schedules is essential, as simply meeting sleep duration guidelines does not mitigate the negative impact of irregular sleep on T2D risk.
Article Synopsis
- A study surveyed 4,037 Canadian adults to estimate the prevalence of insomnia and the use of sleep aids, finding that 16.3% reported insomnia, with higher rates among women, Indigenous peoples, and those with poorer health.
- About 14.7% of respondents used prescribed sleep medications in the past year, while 28.7% used natural or over-the-counter options, 15.6% used cannabis products, and 9.7% used alcohol for sleep.
- The results emphasize the widespread issue of insomnia in Canada and the need for public health initiatives and effective treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy to improve sleep health.
Article Synopsis
- The prevalence of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among 3- and 4-year-old children globally is unclear, highlighting the need for consistent data.
- This study analyzed data from 14 cross-sectional studies across 33 countries to determine how many children met WHO guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep over recent years.
- Only 14.3% of the 7017 children studied met all the guidelines, with no significant differences found between countries with varying income levels regarding adherence to these health recommendations.
Inequities in sleep duration and quality among adolescents in Canada.
BMC Public Health
September 2024
Background: Several recent global events may have impacted adolescent sleep and exacerbated pre-existing disparities by social positions (i.e., social roles, identity or sociodemographic factors, and/or group memberships that are associated with power and oppression due to the structures and processes in a given society at given time).
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- - The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) versus exercise- and non-exercise-estimated CRF in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among adults.
- - A systematic review analyzed 42 cohort studies involving over 3.8 million participants, finding similar risk reductions in mortality linked to higher levels of CRF regardless of the measurement method used.
- - The results indicated that both objectively measured and estimated CRF are valid indicators of mortality risk, with minimal differences in their predictive capabilities.
Social media use and sleep health among adolescents in Canada.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Increasing concerns about how social media use affects adolescent health have led to studies in Canada focusing on sleep health in 11 to 17-year-olds.
- Analysis of 12,557 participants revealed that non-active social media users tend to have better sleep outcomes compared to active and intense users, with intense use linked to significant sleep difficulties, especially in girls.
- The study concluded that intense and problematic social media use correlates with worse sleep health in Canadian adolescents, emphasizing the need for further research to uncover the underlying causes and to shape public health guidelines.
Objective: To assess the association between work location and movement behaviours (physical activity [PA], screen time, sleep) and adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-H Guidelines) among Canadian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the 2021 Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 10,913 working adults 18-75 years), primary work location was categorized as: worked outside the home at a fixed location (fixed workplace), worked at home (telework), and worked outside the home at no fixed location (non-fixed workplace). Recreational, transportation and occupational/household PA, as well as leisure screen time and sleep duration were self-reported.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate if catching up on sleep during weekends has any effects on mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults, using accelerometer data for more accurate sleep measurements rather than self-reports.
- A large sample of UK adults (over 70,000) was analyzed, and the results showed no significant link between weekend catch-up sleep and risks of mortality or CVD, even for those who slept less during the week.
- These findings challenge the common belief and recommendations that extending sleep on weekends can lead to health benefits, indicating that it may not be protective against serious health issues.
Article Synopsis
- A group of experts met online to decide if using screens, especially before bed, is bad for sleep in kids, teens, and adults.
- They looked at lots of studies and found that screens do hurt sleep, particularly for children and teenagers.
- They agreed that certain behaviors and strategies can help lessen the negative effects of screen time on sleep.
Objective: To investigate the relationship of biological characteristics (age, sex, and obesity), movement behaviors (physical activity and sedentary time), and family socioeconomic status with fundamental movement skills (FMS) in primary school children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 1014 children (537 girls) aged 6 to 10 years from 25 primary schools in Matosinhos, north of Portugal. Five object control skills (dribbling, kicking, catching, throwing, and underarm rolling) were assessed with a categorical scale using the Meu Educativo® platform.
Article Synopsis
- This study examined how chronic sleep duration affects reaction time and motor preparation in adults during a simple task involving auditory stimuli.
- It involved two groups: short sleepers (5.7 hrs/night) and adequate sleepers (7.5+ hrs/night), revealing that short sleepers had slower reaction times to normal sounds but similar responses to startle stimuli.
- Overall, while chronic short sleep was linked to decreased cognitive performance—especially after 5 minutes—it didn't affect motor preparation, as the response times to startling sounds were consistent across both groups.
Background: The 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines recommend that children and adolescents (youth) should limit screen time (ST), get an adequate amount of sleep (SL), and engage in sufficient physical activity (PA) to ensure health and healthy development. Meeting 24-HMB guidelines is associated with positive mental health outcomes (e.g.
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- The study examines the link between children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) and their levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) throughout the week.
- A sample of 1,014 children aged 6-10 were analyzed, revealing that children with more advanced FMS tended to be more physically active than those with fewer skills.
- Results indicate that both groups of children with lower FMS levels were less active on weekdays and weekends, highlighting the importance of FMS in achieving recommended activity levels, particularly during weekends.
Article Synopsis
- - This study reviews evidence from meta-analyses about how baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) relates to health outcomes, focusing on mortality and the incidence of chronic conditions in adults.
- - High CRF significantly lowers the risk of all-cause mortality (by about 53% comparing high with low levels) and is linked to an 11%-17% reduction in mortality for every additional MET of CRF.
- - The findings indicate that maintaining high CRF is beneficial for reducing risks of heart failure and cardiovascular-related deaths, though the overall quality of the evidence varies from low to moderate.
Objective: The aim was to (1) estimate the relationship between physical fitness (PF) and object control fundamental movement skills (FMS), (2) identify child characteristics that relate with PF and FMS, and (3) examine associations between the school environment, PF, and FMS.
Methods: The sample included 1014 Portuguese children aged 6-10 years from the REACT project. PF was assessed via running speed, shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip, and the PACER test.
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at how different groups of adults in Canada sleep, checking things like how long they sleep and if they have trouble falling asleep.
- They found that females and some gender identities have more trouble with insomnia and feeling rested compared to males.
- People who are immigrants or speak other languages at home generally sleep better, while those with less money reported having worse sleep.
Objective: This paper examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using a multivariate multilevel approach and investigates the links between individual and school-related correlates with children's BMI and CRF.
Methods: This cross-sectional sample included 1014 children (6-10 years) from 25 Portuguese primary schools. BMI was calculated, and CRF was assessed with the PACER test.
Background: Adolescence is a critical period for development, with many risk factors resulting in long-term health consequences, particularly regarding mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between problem technology use, life stress, and self-esteem in a representative sample of adolescents residing in Ontario, Canada.
Methods: Self-reported data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 4,748 students (57.