Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane: Ion exchange membrane fouling identification and mechanisms.

Integrated forest biorefinery offers promising pathways to sustainably diversify the revenue of pulp and paper industry. In this context, lignin can be extracted from a residual stream of Kraft pulping process, called black liquor, and subsequently converted into a wide spectrum of bio-based products. Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane results in lignin extraction and caustic soda production.

A novel transmetallation of arylzinc species into arylboronates from aryl halides in a barbier procedure.

A variety of functionalized arylboronates are obtained in moderate to excellent yield by a one-step chemical procedure from the corresponding halides and a haloboronic ester via an intermediate arylzinc species.

LBBB in aircrew with low cardiac risk: diagnostic application of multislice CT.

Introduction: Because of its excellent negative predictive value for diagnosing coronary stenoses, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) may be a way to assess the absence of significant coronary stenosis. We discussed its place in aeromedical decision-making for aircrew members with a low level of cardiovascular risk factors and acquired left bundle branch block (LBBB).

Methods And Results: During the period 2002-2004, 12 male aircrew members (mean age: 42.

Increased body iron stores in elite road cyclists.

Background: One third of French elite road cyclists were found to have hyperferritinemia on antidoping control tests performed during the Tour de France in 1998.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine whether hyperferritinemia corresponded to elevated body iron stores or not and, affirmatively, what were its mechanism, its clinical consequences, and its spontaneous course.

Methods: 83 elite road male cyclists presenting with hyperferritinemia, defined as serum ferritin level greater than 300 microg.

Effects of Germanium (Ge) on the silica spicules of the marine sponge Suberites domuncula: Transformation of spicule type.

Germanium (Ge), in the form of germanic acid, at a Ge/Si molar ratio of 1.0 inhibits gemmule development and silica deposition in the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. Lower Ge/Si ratios inhibit the growth in length of the silica spicules (tylostyles) producing short structures, but with relatively normal morphology and close to normal width; spherical protuberances occasionally occur on these spicules.