Development and validation of an offline deep learning algorithm to detect vitreoretinal abnormalities on ocular ultrasound.

Purpose: We describe our offline deep learning algorithm (DLA) and validation of its diagnostic ability to identify vitreoretinal abnormalities (VRA) on ocular ultrasound (OUS).

Methods: Enrolled participants underwent OUS. All images were classified as normal or abnormal by two masked vitreoretinal specialists (AS, AM).

Clinical Update on Metamorphopsia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Imaging.

: To discuss the pathophysiology of metamorphopsia, its characterisation using retinal imaging and methods of assessment of patient symptoms and visual function.: A literature search of electronic databases was performed: Metamorphopsia has commonly been associated with vitreomacular interface disorders (such as epiretinal membrane) and has also regularly been noted in diseases of the retina and choroid, particularly age-related macular degeneration and central serous chorioretinopathy. Developments in optical coherence tomography retinal imaging have enabled improved imaging of the foveal microstructure and have led to the localisation of the pathophysiology of metamorphopsia within the retinal layers of the macula.

Relationship Between Nerve Fiber Layer Hemorrhages and Outcomes in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate the depth and pattern of retinal hemorrhage in acute central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and to correlate these with visual and anatomic outcomes.

Methods: Retinal hemorrhages were evaluated with color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography at baseline and follow-up. Snellen visual acuity (VA), central foveal thickness (CFT), extent of retinal ischemia, and development of neovascularization were analyzed.

Hyperreflective Stress Lines and Macular Holes.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of a central hyperreflective line in eyes with full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) and lamellar macular holes (LMH) and to elucidate the pathoanatomic importance of this optical coherence tomography (OCT) sign.

Methods: This retrospective analysis evaluated patients with FTMH and LMH at the Stein Eye Institute. Clinical data was collected and SD-OCT volume scans were analyzed for the presence of a central vertical hyperreflective line in 3 separate cohorts: patients with SD-OCT preceding FTMH development, patients with SD-OCT after pars plana vitrectomy (PPVT) treatment for FTMH, and patients with SD-OCT of LMH.

PRIMA subretinal wireless photovoltaic microchip implantation in non-human primate and feline models.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical technique for subretinal implantation of two sizes of PRIMA photovoltaic wireless microchip in two animal models, and refine these surgical procedures for human trials.

Methods: Cats and Macaca fascicularis primates with healthy retina underwent vitrectomy surgery and were implanted with subretinal wireless photovoltaic microchip at the macula/central retina. The 1.

Optical coherence tomography-based consensus definition for lamellar macular hole.

Background: A consensus on an optical coherence tomography definition of lamellar macular hole (LMH) and similar conditions is needed.

Methods: The panel reviewed relevant peer-reviewed literature to reach an accord on LMH definition and to differentiate LMH from other similar conditions.

Results: The panel reached a consensus on the definition of three clinical entities: LMH, epiretinal membrane (ERM) foveoschisis and macular pseudohole (MPH).

DETECTION OF NEUROSENSORY RETINAL DETACHMENT COMPLICATING DEGENERATIVE RETINOSCHISIS BY ULTRA-WIDEFIELD FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE IMAGING.

Purpose: To determine whether neurosensory retinal detachment complicating degenerative retinoschisis (RS) can be reliably detected with ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence evaluation.

Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with RS who had ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence imaging were included in this retrospective case series. According to the fundus autofluorescence patterns, we divided the eyes into two groups: 1) eyes with RS and a hyperautofluorescent leading edge and 2) eyes with RS and without hyperautofluorescence.

Bilateral Acquired Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Myelination.

The authors present the multimodal imaging findings of an unusual case of bilateral acquired progressive myelination of the optic disc during a 10-year follow-up period in a hyperopic adolescent patient in the absence of an underlying ocular or systemic abnormality. Myelination of the left optic disc was noted at age 7 and of the right optic disc at age 13, but no other ocular or systemic abnormalities were identified. Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) and en face OCT angiography confirmed the presence of myelination of the retinal nerve fiber layer and excluded other etiologic possibilities including an astrocytic hamartoma.

PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF TRACTIONAL AND DEGENERATIVE LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES: Functional and Anatomical Results.

Purpose: Functional and anatomical outcomes of vitrectomy with membrane peeling were compared in tractional lamellar macular holes (LMH)/macular pseudoholes (MPH) versus degenerative LMH.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The association of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters with preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was analyzed.

BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY WALL RUPTURE AND SUBSEQUENT OCCLUSION DURING PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WITH MEMBRANE PEEL.

Purpose: To report a case of branch retinal artery wall rupture and subsequent branch retinal artery occlusion occurring during a routine pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling.

Methods: Case report. Multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and OCT angiography were performed.

FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ECTOPIC INNER FOVEAL LAYERS IN EYES WITH IDIOPATHIC EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES: Surgical Results at 12 Months.

Purpose: To describe the functional and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peel in eyes with and without ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFLs).

Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, patients diagnosed with idiopathic epiretinal membranes who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peel were enrolled, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTER RETINAL TUBULATIONS: Sequential Evolution and Pathophysiological Insights.

Purpose: To describe the sequential evolution of outer retinal tubulations (ORTs) in patients diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization and/or retinal pigment epithelium atrophy.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography of a consecutive cohort of patients with various retinal conditions.

Results: We reviewed the clinical findings of 238 eyes of 119 consecutive patients (54 men and 65 women) with a mean age of 76.

Microcystoid Macular Changes in Association With Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes in Eyes With and Without Glaucoma: Clinical Insights.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and surgical significance of microcystoid macular changes in the inner nuclear layer in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes, with and without glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Clinical charts and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of 264 eyes of 234 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic epiretinal membranes were reviewed and analyzed.

Feasibility of a polyethylene glycol-derived polymer as retinal patch to seal retinal breaks during vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a prospective, in vivo pilot study in a porcine model.

Background: This is a pilot study to test a polyethylene glycol-derived polymer used as a retinal patch to seal retinal breaks during pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a porcine model.

Methods: Sixteen eyes from eight pigs were assigned to two study groups (12 eyes) and one control group (four eyes). In all study groups, the polymer was used in vivo, during pars plana vitrectomy, to seal the break of a surgically induced rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Insights Into Epiretinal Membranes: Presence of Ectopic Inner Foveal Layers and a New Optical Coherence Tomography Staging Scheme.

Purpose: To describe the presence of continuous ectopic inner foveal layers associated with epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and to present a new optical coherence tomography (OCT) staging system of ERMs.

Design: Retrospective multicenter observational case series.

Methods: Clinical charts and spectral-domain OCT images of 194 eyes of 172 consecutive patients diagnosed with ERMs were reviewed and analyzed.

Choroidal thickness in non-neovascular versus neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a fellow eye comparative study.

Purpose: To investigate the possible differences in choroidal thickness (CT) between non-neovascular (NNV) and neovascular (NV) age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: A retrospective, observational chart review of consecutive patients diagnosed with NNV AMD in one eye and with NV AMD in the fellow eye was carried out. NNV AMD was classified into four subgroups according to the Beckman Initiative for Macular Research AMD Classification Committee Meeting.

Validating retinal fundus image analysis algorithms: issues and a proposal.

This paper concerns the validation of automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) algorithms. For reasons of space and consistency, we concentrate on the validation of algorithms processing color fundus camera images, currently the largest section of the ARIA literature. We sketch the context (imaging instruments and target tasks) of ARIA validation, summarizing the main image analysis and validation techniques.

Effect of cut rates on fluidic behavior of chopped vitreous.

Purpose: To analyze the viscoelastic properties of the chopped vitreous at different cut rates to better understand complex fluidic behavior of chopped vitreous during vitrectomy.

Methods: Twenty- and 25-gauge cutters were used to cut 107 porcine eyes at different cut rates of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 cuts per minute with a fixed vacuum pressure of 500 mmHg. Each sample was immediately tested using a shear rheometer to obtain its rheologic properties.

RERBEE: robust efficient registration via bifurcations and elongated elements applied to retinal fluorescein angiogram sequences.

We present RERBEE (robust efficient registration via bifurcations and elongated elements), a novel feature-based registration algorithm able to correct local deformations in high-resolution ultra-wide field-of-view (UWFV) fluorescein angiogram (FA) sequences of the retina. The algorithm is able to cope with peripheral blurring, severe occlusions, presence of retinal pathologies and the change of image content due to the perfusion of the fluorescein dye in time. We have used the computational power of a graphics processor to increase the performance of the most computationally expensive parts of the algorithm by a factor of over × 1300, enabling the algorithm to register a pair of 3900 × 3072 UWFV FA images in 5-10 min instead of the 5-7 h required using only the CPU.

Computational simulation of altitude change-induced intraocular pressure alteration in patients with intravitreal gas bubbles.

Purpose: To study the impact of altitude on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in an eye with an intravitreal gas bubble.

Methods: A mathematical model was developed to simulate intravitreal gas bubble expansion caused by change in altitude. Mechanical deformation of the eye was simulated using a finite-element model.

Resolution of serous maculopathy associated with optic disk pits and incontinentia pigmenti using oral acetazolamide.

Background: Optic disk pits are a congenital optic disk anomaly frequently associated with serous macular detachment.

Methods: A case of optic disk pits associated with serous maculopathy in a patient with incontinentia pigmenti is presented. The patient was treated with oral acetazolamide.

Terahertz imaging of biological tissues.

A reflective THz imaging system sensitive to small variations in water concentrations has been developed. Biological tissues such as skin, eyes and teeth were imaged to ascertain the systems response to tissue hydration. Difference in water concentrations translated to contrast in the THz images.