Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Typhi and Paratyphi Isolated From Stool Culture.

Enteric fever is a significant health problem in developing countries caused by serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Unfortunately, the burden of the disease remains high not only because of the complications related to the disease but also, especially, because of the spread of the strains of resistant to antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of Typhi and Paratyphi clinical isolates as well as the risk factors associated with infection.

Candida krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii) multilocus sequence typing and antifungal susceptibility profile in Cameroon.

Among the Candida species commonly involved in superficial and more significant life-threatening infections, C. krusei exhibits the most worrisome resistance profile to antifungals. This study aimed to analyse the population structure using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile of C.

Quinic acid enhances kanamycin efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) form biofilms that contribute to increased antimicrobial resistance, leading to treatment failure and/or relapse. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new antibiofilm strategies to eradicate MRSA biofilms related infections. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of quinic acid and kanamycin against the preformed biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Exploring Medicinal Plants for Antimicrobial Activity and Synergistic Effects With Doxycycline Against Bacterial Species.

Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to assess the antibiofilm potential of methanol and ethanol extracts from nine selected medicinal plants, as well as their synergistic effects with doxycycline against strains. Standard procedures were employed to determine the phytochemical composition, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents of the extracts.

Psoralen Isolated from the Roots of Welw. Modulate Th1/Th2 Cytokines and Inflammatory Enzymes in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

is a widely used plant spice in traditional African medicine to treat pain-related conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying this activity and the main active ingredients of have not yet been fully characterized. This study aimed to isolate and identify the main active anti-inflammatory constituents of the extract and to investigate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms in murine macrophages.

Synthesis, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of new 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives from coupling reactions of diazonium salt of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole with diverse substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives.

The coupling reaction of diazonium ion of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole at 0-5 °C with distinctly substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives produced new 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives. It was found that diazotized 2-amino-6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol reacts with the ring nitrogen atom of varyingly substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives to yield tetrazine nucleus. The benzene ring of benzothiazole bearing electron donor group and annelated to the tetrazine was further substituted in situ by other 6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) diazinyl to yield the final product.

Naturally occurring benzophenones and xanthones from (Planch. & Triana) Oliv. displayed anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the activities of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

There is a growing interest in studying natural products for the identification of novel lead compounds for drug development for treating inflammatory diseases. Although some studies have focused anti-inflammatory activity of benzophenones and xanthones, exploring additional targets such as enzymes and cytokines, involved in their inflammatory response could provide more comprehensive understanding of the compounds' anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, four xanthones ananixanthone (), smeathxanthone A (), smeathxanthone B (), and 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(3-methybut-2-enyl)-4-(3,7-dimethyloct-2,6-dienyl) xanthone (); and three benzophenones guttiferone O (), guttiferone M (), and aristophenone A () from (Planch.

Antibiofilm Activity of Curcumin and Piperine and Their Synergistic Effects with Antifungals against Clinical Isolates.

Background: Candidiasis is the common name for diseases caused by yeast of the genus . is one of the most implicated species in superficial and invasive candidiasis. Antifungals, polyenes, and azoles have been used to treat candidiasis.

Biofilm Formation, Pyocyanin Production, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Isolates from Wounds.

is one of the most frequently resistant and dangerous bacteria isolated from infected wounds of patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of from infected wounds of patients in the Dschang District Hospital to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and their ability to swarm and swim and correlate pyocyanin production with biofilm formation. Wound swab samples were collected and the identification of was performed using microbiological and biochemical tests.

Pyrroloquinolones B-F: Five unusual alkaloids from Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Vatke (Asteraceae).

Five unusual alkaloids featuring a pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolone skeleton (pyrroloquinolones B-F, 1-5) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Vatke, along with sixteen known compounds. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and ECD) and high resolution mass spectrometric techniques as well as by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The ethanol extract and some isolated compounds were assessed for their antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains.

The Antidiabetic Activity of Combining the Aqueous Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Leaves and Tamarindus indica Fruit Pulp in Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Rats.

Background Many plants are used to reduce the side effects of diabetes mellitus. These plants (including and ) are rich in phytochemical compounds that have the ability to reduce glycemia and the effect of diabetes-related oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of combining and pulp extracts.

Antifungal Resistance Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Factor Production in Candida krusei Isolates From HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon.

Background Fungal infections mainly caused by are increasing rapidly and represent a serious public health problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal susceptibility profile and virulence factors in isolated from HIV-infected patients. Methodology Isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular methods.

Antibiotic-Potentiating Effect of Some Bioactive Natural Products against Planktonic Cells, Biofilms, and Virulence Factors of .

Background: is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes infections that are mediated by both virulence factor production and biofilm formation. In addition, many antibiotics are increasingly losing their efficacy due to the development of resistance. The screening of potentially bioactive natural compounds that have both antivirulence and antibiofilm activities to enhance antibiotic efficacy and reverse antibiotic resistance is a good strategy to overcome these issues.

Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Enteric fever is a systemic infection in humans caused by the Gram-negative bacilli serovars Typhi and Paratyphi Although the diagnosis typically involves the isolation of serovars, it is often determined based on laboratory findings and clinical observations. However, due to the wide variety and the non-specific character of clinical features, making a definitive diagnosis presents numerous challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the predictive hematological and biochemical parameters which would serve in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of typhoid fever cases.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Biofilm Formation Ability, and Virulence Factors Analysis of Three Staphylococcus spp. Isolates From Urine.

Background . is one of the most causative agents of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile and the virulence factors, including the biofilm formation ability of isolates from urine.

New 21-nordammarane saponins with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities from Lavigeria macrocarpa Oliv.

Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the stems and roots of the medicinal plant Lavigeria macrocarpa led to the isolation and structure elucidation of three previously unreported 21-nordammarane-type saponins namely 6α,27-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-21-nordammar-24-(Z)-ene 27-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1), 6α,27-dihydroxy-3-oxo-21-nordammar-24-(Z)-ene 27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 2α,3β,6α,27-tetrahydroxy-21-nordammar-24-(Z)-ene 27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) trivially named lavigemacrocarposide A-C, along with eight known secondary metabolites. Acid hydrolysis of lavigemacrocarposide A yielded a new prosapogenin namely 6α,27-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-21-nordammar-24-(Z)-ene 27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1a) and the previously unreported artefactual aglycones 1b and 1c. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR as well as chemical evidence.

Biofilm Formation and Phospholipase and Proteinase Production in Clinical Isolates and Susceptibility towards Some Bioactive Natural Products.

Background: Cryptococcosis is one of the most common fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, which is caused by . However, relatively little is known about the virulence factors of and the incidence of antifungal drug resistance in is rapidly increasing. This study was undertaken to investigate the virulence factors in , thymol, curcumin, piperine, gallic acid, eugenol, and plumbagin for their potential antimicrobial activity against .

Desmoarylcoumarin and episoyasapogenol B: two new compounds from (Poir.) DC (Fabaceae).

A new 3-arylcoumarin, 7-hydroxy-6-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-2',5'-dihydroxy-4'-(3,3dimethylprenyl)-3-arylcoumarin (desmoarylcoumarin) , a previously unreported oleanane-type triterpenoid, 3,22,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en (episoyasapogenol B) , together with five known flavonoids including darbergioidin (), isoferreirin (), quercetin (), vitexin (), swertizin (), and one carbohydrate, sucrose () were isolated from the methanolic extract of the roots of . Their structures were elucidated mainly by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometric (HRFAB-MS) data. The methanolic extract, EtOAc and -BuOH fractions as well as some isolated compounds were assessed for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Effects of Thymol-Loaded Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles with Amikacin against Four Serovars.

Background: Salmonella species are frequently linked to biofilm-associated infections. Biofilm formation intensively reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and the host immune system. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Seven Underinvestigated Medicinal Plants against Microbial Pathogens.

Background: Plants are a rich source of therapeutic compounds that have tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in the seven selected medicinal plants as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Methods: Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents were determined using standard methods.

Anti-Biofilm, Antibacterial, and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Selected South African Plants Traditionally Used to Treat Diarrhoea.

The development of resistance of microorganisms to conventional antibiotics is a major global health concern; hence, there is an increasing interest in medicinal plants as a therapeutic option. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum activities of crude extracts prepared using various solvents of nine indigenous South African plants used locally for the treatment of diarrhoea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth microdilution method and the crystal violet assay was used to test the anti-biofilm activity of the extracts against a panel of bacteria.

Relationship between active Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, a cross-sectional hospital-based study in a Sub-Saharan setting.

Background: Chronic inflammation has been reported as one of the novel coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Knowing that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) provokes a local inflammation, the relationship between H.

Liposome-Encapsulated Bioactive Guttiferone E Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated MH-S Macrophages and Cytotoxicity against Human Cancer Cells.

Background: Guttiferone E is a naturally occurring polyisoprenylated benzophenone exhibiting a wide range of remarkable biological activities. But its therapeutic application is still limited due to its poor water solubility. This study is aimed at preparing guttiferone E-loaded liposomes and assessing their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect.