The Role of Cholecystectomy in Hyperkinetic Gallbladder: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Rural Hospital.

Background Biliary dyskinesia is a functional gallbladder disorder in which there is an absence of a structural or mechanical cause for biliary pain. A cholecystokinin-hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (CCK-HIDA) scan is typically performed during workup, and cholecystectomy is the accepted treatment for low ejection fraction (EF) (less than 33%, as defined by the literature). However, few studies have examined the role of cholecystectomy in hyperkinetic gallbladder (EF ≥80%).

Endometriosis of the Vermiform Appendix Presenting as Acute Appendicitis.

Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis of the appendix is rare and its preoperative diagnosis is difficult. We report the case of a postmenopausal woman who presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain concerning for acute appendicitis.

The "Endothelialized Muscularis Mucosae": A Case Report Describing a Large Cavernous Hemangioma at the Terminal Ileum and a New Histologic Clue for Preoperative Diagnosis from Endoscopic Biopsy.

Cavernous hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract are quite rare and, until now, have been difficult to diagnose preoperatively due their nonspecific presentations and imaging features, as well as a lack of histologic description pertaining to small superficial biopsies such as those obtained endoscopically. We report a unique case of a 4 cm transmural cavernous hemangioma in the terminal ileum with literature review and describe a new histologic finding-the "endothelialized muscularis mucosae," which was discovered upon review of the endoscopic biopsy and could potentially facilitate preoperative diagnosis of these lesions from endoscopic biopsies in the future. These lesions have classically required surgical resection in order to make a definitive diagnosis and rule out malignancy, with which they share many historical and radiographic features.