Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization level and intracellular reservoir: a prospective cohort study.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in humans. The nasal vestibule is considered as the main reservoir of S. aureus.

Technique of flat-mount immunostaining for mapping the olfactory epithelium and counting the olfactory sensory neurons.

The pathophysiology underlying olfactory dysfunction is still poorly understood, and more efficient biomolecular tools are necessary to explore this aspect. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on cross sections is one of the major tools to study the olfactory epithelium (OE), but does not allow reliable counting of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) or cartography of the OE. In this study, we want to present an easy immunostaining technique to compensate for these defects of IHC.

Performance of quantitative measurements in [F]fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography for parathyroid imaging (P2TH study).

Objective: [F]Fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used frequently in addition to [Tc]Tc-Sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasonography for the location of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of quantitative criteria in [F]fluorocholine PET/CT for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. The secondary objective is to highlight a correlation between the detection rate of [F]fluorocholine PET/CT and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level.

Exercise laryngoscopy in athletes and sportsmen: an easy way to assess exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction.

Background: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is an exercise-dependent dyspnoea, linked to a laryngeal closure during physical effort. It may concern from 5% to 7% of adolescents and young athletic adults. EILO is a quite recently described condition: standardized diagnostic criteria and consensual management are still to come.

Dual laryngeal reinnervation in bilateral vocal fold paralysis: anatomical pitfalls.

Background: Bilateral laryngeal reinnervation can be a promising procedure for reanimation of laryngeal muscles, but currently not yet standardized. Besides patient conditions some intraoperative anatomical pitfalls need to be solved.

Methods: Twelve human head and neck specimens (24 sides) have been studied using microdissection and histological serial sections of the nerves.

Autophagic Markers in Chordomas: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Comparison with the Immune Microenvironment of Chordoma Tissues.

Chordomas are notably resistant to chemotherapy. One of the cytoprotective mechanisms implicated in chemoresistance is autophagy. There are indirect data that autophagy could be implicated in chordomas, but its presence has not been studied in chordoma tissues.

High endothelial venules are present in pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas and they are associated with better prognosis.

Background: Tumors lymphocytic infiltration has prognostic and predictive value. However, the mechanisms involved in lymphocyte recruitment remain poorly characterized. High endothelial venules (HEV) are blood vessels specialized in lymphocyte recruitment, recently showing prognostic significance in some types of cancer.

Mini-Invasive Endoscopic Approaches to the Maxillary Sinus Floor: A Comparative Anatomical Study.

Background: While middle antrostomy (MA) is the most common approach to the maxillary sinus (MS), it is known for not allowing to fully inspect the whole MS, especially in its inferior and anterior portions. To overcome this limitation, alternative approaches have been proposed, such as inferior antrotomy (IA) and canine fossa accesses (CFA).

Objective: Given the lack of studies on the MS floor visualization with different accesses, our study aims, in a cadaver lab setting, to systematically compare three different approaches (MA, IA and CFA) in these regards.

Correlation Between Semiquantitative Metabolic Parameters After PET/CT and Histologic Prognostic Factors in Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Carcinoma.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown prognostic significance in head and neck cancer patients. The underlying pathologic features that could explain the mechanisms associated with this observation are not clear. To analyze the correlation between 18-F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake assessed by PET/CT in head and neck cancer and histopathologic prognostic factors.

Gene Expression Comparison Between the Primary Tumor and its Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study.

Background/aim: In metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) the metastatic tumor does not always keep the same gene expression profile as the parental tumor, which may influence the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of genes implicated in HNSCC carcinogenesis between the primary tumor and the corresponding lymph node metastasis.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen HNSCC, their corresponding node metastases and non-neoplastic tissues were studied by RT-qPCR for the expression of EGFR, VEGF, claudin7, maspin, survivin and SCCA.

Impact of body mass index on post-thyroidectomy morbidity.

Background: The impact of obesity on total thyroidectomy (TT) morbidity (recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypocalcaemia) remains largely unknown.

Methods: In a prospective study (NCT01551914), patients were divided into five groups according to their body mass index (BMI): underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese, and severely obese. Preoperative and postoperative serum calcium was measured.

Quality insurance in head and neck cancer multidisciplinary team meetings: A watchful eye on real-life experience.

Introduction: Although Multidisciplinary Team Management (MDT) is integrated in most international head and neck cancer treatment guidelines, its applications and proceedings were rarely described. The present study explores a 6-year real-life experience in a French Comprehensive Cancer Care Center.

Methods: Patients, tumor and meeting characteristics of all consecutive cases discussed in head and neck MDT meetings between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

Prognostic significance of tumor budding, tumor-stroma ratio, cell nests size, and stroma type in laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Despite immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been studied, there are no sufficient data on the role of tumor stroma factors. The aim of the study was to explore the prognostic and predictive role of these factors in a large series of HNSCC.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 266 patients with laryngeal and pharyngeal SCC.

Advanced age does not increase morbidity after total thyroidectomy. Result of a prospective study.

Background: It is well known that total thyroidectomy is feasible on elderly patients but is linked to complications because of their underlying comorbidities. In this study we analyzed the specific risks linked to surgery, hypoparathyroidism and recurrent nerve palsy.

Methods: materials-methods:Prospective, multicentre trial conducted at 13 hospital sites.

The anterolateral ligament is a distinct ligamentous structure: A histological explanation.

Background: The aim was to determine whether the anterolateral ligament (ALL) had a histological structure that defined it as a real ligament.

Methods: Histological examination of 30 ALL samples taken from fresh-frozen knees were performed. The ALL femoral insertion and its relationship with the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were studied and the tibial insertion and its relationship with articular cartilage of the tibial joint surface were analyzed.

Inner ear ossification and mineralization kinetics in human embryonic development - microtomographic and histomorphological study.

Little is known about middle and inner ear development during the second and third parts of human fetal life. Using ultra-high resolution Microcomputed Tomography coupled with bone histology, we performed the first quantitative middle and inner ear ossification/mineralization evaluation of fetuses between 17 and 39 weeks of gestational age. We show distinct ossification paces between ossicles, with a belated development of the stapes.

The anterior commissure of the human larynx revisited.

Background: The anterior commissure (AC) of the human larynx is usually understood as an area of the glottis anteriorly situated between the two vocal folds inserting to the thyroid cartilage (TC). The pattern of spread of AC carcinoma could hypothesize that AC could include other structures of the ventral larynx as developmental anatomy could demonstrate.

Methods: Ten adult larynx specimens from donation program cadavers and 15 selected fetal specimens (from 11 to 34 weeks of amenorrhoea) were studied using microdissection and histological serial sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and reticuline.

FOXA1 in HPV associated carcinomas: Its expression in carcinomas of the head and neck and of the uterine cervix.

Background: FOXA1 is a major transcription factor involved in the action of human papilloma virus (HPV). However, it has been never studied in HPV-associated tumors.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate its expression in cervical and head and neck tumors.

Prognostic impact of immune microenvironment in laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Immune cell subtypes, immuno-suppressive pathways and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Background: Immune system affects prognosis of various malignancies. Anti-immune pathways like PD-L1 and CTLA4 are used by the tumor to overcome immune system and they serve as immunotherapy targets. The immune microenvironment of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) has not been sufficiently studied.

Clinical and Histologic Predictive Factors of Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: Induction chemotherapy (IC) is occasionally used in head and neck cancer, leading to less extensive surgery and reduced need for irradiation. Factors predicting the response to IC have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the clinical and histopathologic factors that predict the response to IC.

Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by vagal nerve stimulation in thyroid surgery.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thyroarytenoid muscle response during bilateral thyroid surgery using vagal nerve stimulation. 195 patients (390 nerves at risk) underwent a total thyroidectomy. The recurrent laryngeal nerve's function was checked by analyzing the amplitude and the latency of the thyroarytenoid muscle's responses after a vagal nerve's stimulation (0.

p16 and p53 expression status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a correlation with histological, histoprognostic and clinical parameters.

Different histopathology and prognosis characterise the human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal tumours, but squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of other localisations have not been exhaustively studied. Tissues from 120 patients with a head and neck SCC were studied for the expression of p16 and p53, and the Brandwein-Gensler (BG) histological risk assessment model. p16 positivity and p53 normal expression were significantly correlated with non-smoking, an earlier T stage and a non-keratinising morphology.

Real-life assessment of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) toxicity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the feasibility of VMAT in association with platin or cetuximab in HNSCC and reports VMAT-related acute and late toxicities for the first time.

Objectives: New radiotherapy techniques, such as Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) were developed to lower RT-related toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate acute and late toxicities of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated using VMAT.

Chemocauterization with trichloroacetic acid in congenital and recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula: a minimally invasive treatment.

Objective: Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (RTEF) is a serious complication after primary repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Treatment of RTEF involved an open surgery by thoracotomy. Technically it is a challenge with a high morbidity and mortality.