Seasonal Morphological and Biochemical Variation of Pierre ex A. Froehner (Rubiaceae) Leaves of Early, Intermediate and Late Maturing Genotypes.

Understanding the growth patterns of genotypes optimizes their selection and management. The objective of this study is to investigate the seasonal variations in the morphology and biochemistry of clone leaves, considering climatic conditions and the maturation cycle. Morphological characteristics and carbohydrate contents of the leaves were analyzed throughout the growth cycle.

Volatile compounds for biotechnological applications produced during competitive interactions between yeasts and fungi.

Fungi, yeasts and bacteria produce volatile compounds during their metabolism. In this study, the volatile compounds produced by yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus) during competitive interactions were investigated by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-six volatile compounds were identified representing alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, aromatic compounds, acids, furans, phenols, and nitrogen compounds, being the largest amount in the class of esters and alcohols.

A systemic approach to the quantification of the phenotypic plasticity of plant physiological traits: the multivariate plasticity index.

The phenotype of an individual emerges from the interaction of its genotype with the environment in which it is located. Phenotypic plasticity (PP) is the ability of a specific genotype to present multiple phenotypes in response to the environment. Past and current methods for quantification of PP present limitations, mainly in what constitutes a systemic analysis of multiple traits.