Testicular carcinoma presenting as cutaneous nasal metastasis: case report and review of the literature.

Testicular choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant germ cell neoplasm, which metastasises to lungs, and brain. Spread to the skin, however, is rare, with only 11 cases reported to our knowledge. This is the second reported case of a skin metastasis of choriocarcinoma to the head and neck, and the third in which a cutaneous metastasis was the first finding at initial presentation.

Tissue and plasma levels of endothelin in free flaps.

The goal of the study was to assess whether endothelin-1 levels are increased in tissue and plasma in free flaps. To assess this hypothesis, blood samples were taken from the general circulation before and after reperfusion and from the flap after reperfusion in 20 patients undergoing breast reconstruction with free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps. Tissue samples were also taken from the flap before and after the period of ischemia.