Primary biliary cirrhosis in a genetically homogeneous population: disease associations and familial occurrence rates.

Background: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a disease with genetic and environmental pathogenetic background. Chemicals, infectious agents, hormone therapy, reproductive history and surgical interventions have been implicated in the induction of PBC. Familial PBC has been documented in first degree relatives (FDR).

Therapeutic ERCP and pregnancy: is the radiation risk for the conceptus trivial?

Background: Symptomatic choledocholithiasis can be treated during pregnancy. Conceptus doses ranged from 0.1 mGy to 3 mGy in previous studies.