Confusing my viewpoint with his: Altered self-other distinction performance in antisocial personality disorder.

Deficits of social cognition are regularly but inconsistently reported among individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Because of the multifaceted nature of social cognition, deficits might be only observed when assessing specific facets of social cognition and under sufficiently demanding conditions. This study examined self-other distinction performance, a key facet lying at the core of the attachment-based model of mentalizing (Fonagy & Luyten, 2009).

I Feel I Remember: The Phenomenology of Autobiographical Recall in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Introduction: Beyond the memory deficits classically observed in individuals with alcohol use disorder (IwAUD), research has recently focused on the study of autobiographical memory (AM) processes in IwAUD by analysing the content of AM narratives, and the implications for self-conception have been discussed. However, little is known about how IwAUD subjectively experience autobiographical recall.

Methods: Thirty-seven IwAUD and 37 control participants were invited to perform an AM task that involved recalling memories for 4 life periods (2 important memories per period).

Gender differences in the observation of gesture direction: a physiological study.

Intransitive gestures are expressive and symbolic, whereas pantomimes are object-related actions. These gestures convey different meanings depending on whether they are directed toward (TB) or away from the body (AB). TB gestures express mental states (intransitive) or hygiene/nutritional activities (pantomime), while AB gestures modify the behaviour of the observer (intransitive) or demonstrate tool use with an object (pantomime).

Defining key concepts for mental state attribution.

The terminology used in discussions on mental state attribution is extensive and lacks consistency. In the current paper, experts from various disciplines collaborate to introduce a shared set of concepts and make recommendations regarding future use.

Parents' experiences of palliative care decision-making in neonatal intensive care units: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Aim: This work explores the experiences and meaning attributed by parents who underwent the decision-making process of withholding and/or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment for their newborn.

Methods: Audio-recorded face-to-face interviews were led and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eight families (seven mothers and five fathers) whose baby underwent withholding and/or withdrawing of life-sustaining treatment in three neonatal intensive care units from two regions in France were included.

Considering management behaviours to identify vulnerable caregivers of persons with dementia.

Background: Persons with dementia gradually disengage from daily activities, and therefore require increasing daily support. Caregivers face a dilemma as to whether they should encourage the persons with dementia in terms of initiative and autonomy, or supervise and take charge of tasks, which may cause distress for both parties. This study seeks to better understand how caregivers manage the disengagement of the persons with dementia and the repercussions on their caregiving experience.

Heterogeneity of emotion regulation strategies in patients with alcohol use disorder during the first year of abstinence: a clustering analysis.

Aims: Studies examining the use of specific emotion regulation (ER) strategies in patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) are mainly focused on intergroup comparisons to the detriment of intragroup variability. Yet, these patients are in fact characterized by emotional deficits of varying severity, and we seek to identify different patterns of ER strategies in people with AUD during their first year of abstinence.

Methods: Based on the ER strategies used by a large sample of patients with AUD, we applied cluster analysis to identify the existence of subgroups using distinct patterns of adaptive and nonadaptive strategies.

Autobiographical memories cued by self-statements in patients with alcohol use disorder: linking self-conceptions to past events.

The study examined the personal sense of identity in alcohol use disorder (AUD) through the relation between autobiographical memories and individuals' self-conception. The AUD detoxified patients and control participants were asked to create a list of self-statements to which they associated for the three main autobiographical memories illustrating them. The group variable was not associated with the number of positive self-statements, but it was associated with the number of negative self-statements.

Childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescents and young adults: The mediating role of mentalizing and emotion regulation strategies.

Objectives: Childhood trauma (physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or physical and emotional neglect) represents a specific risk for developmental perturbations and long-term negative outcomes. Adolescents and young adults with childhood trauma have rarely experienced a single type of traumatic event but rather multiple traumatic experiences. However, studies on adolescent PTSD are sparse.

Monitoring the emotional facial reactions of individuals with antisocial personality disorder during the retrieval of self-defining memories.

While a deficit in the recognition of facial expression has been demonstrated in persons with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), few studies have investigated how individuals with ASPD produce their own emotional facial expressions. This study examines the production of facial emotional expressions of male inpatients with ASPD in a forensic hospital compared with a control group as they retrieve autobiographical memories. This design constitutes a specific ecological experimental approach fostering the evocation of personal feelings.

How do maternal emotional regulation difficulties modulate the mother-infant behavioral synchrony?

Mother-infant synchrony is one of the most important processes in the development of socio-affective competencies in children. While maternal abilities and psychopathology are related to maladaptive mother-infant synchrony, it is as yet unclear how maternal emotion regulation difficulties contribute to it. Based on a panel of behavioral indicators (i.

Specificity and wealth of autobiographical memories in restrictive and mixed anorexic patients.

The reduced specificity of positive and negative autobiographical memories observed in anorexic (AN) patients may reflect a global disturbance in their emotional information processing. However, their emotional difficulties may differ according to the subtype of AN, implying possible differences in the manifestation of autobiographical memory impairments. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the autobiographical memory deficits in AN patients in terms of specificity and wealth of memories, and (2) to compare autobiographical deficits according to the AN subtype: restrictive type (AR) or binge/purging type (AB).

Characterizing the determinants of sexual dissatisfaction among heterosexuals: The specific role of dyadic coping.

Sexual satisfaction is the most frequently studied sexual component of human sexuality related to its link with relationship satisfaction and stability (S. Sprecher & R. M.

Intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in Korsakoff syndrome.

Mind-wandering refers to the intentional and unintentional tendency to withdraw from the external environment and engage in internally generated thoughts. We investigated intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). We invited 31 patients with KS and 33 control participants to answer a questionnaire probing intentional and unintentional mind-wandering.

Recognition of younger and older faces in Korsakoff's syndrome.

The own-age bias refers to the observation that face recognition is typically superior for own-age faces compared with other-age faces. We investigated this bias in Korsakoff patients, as well as its relationship with social contact and episodic memory. Korsakoff patients and age-matched controls were exposed to older faces (own-age faces) and younger faces (other-age faces).

High emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval in women with Korsakoff syndrome.

Introduction: In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS.

Method: We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories.

Results: Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.

Training emotion regulation processes in alcohol-abstinent individuals: A pilot study.

The study aimed to assess whether abstinent individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) would benefit from enhanced emotional regulation (ER) strategies using the affect regulation training (ART) program based on weekly sessions comprising psycho-education, muscle and respiratory relaxation, awareness, acceptance and tolerance, compassionate personal support, emotion analysis and modification. Seventy-two participants with AUD benefited from ART and were compared on their ER ability, mindfulness, and their experience of abstinence to 40 participants not receiving the program, before it, at the end, and 6 months after. Improvements in ER were observed, particularly in positive centration, action centration or self-blame and in mindfulness abilities after the program and six months later.

Characterisation of self-defining memories in criminals with antisocial personality disorder.

Early aversive events are key factors in the development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and are known to impact the ability to produce specific autobiographical memories and to modify self-construction. The present study assessed identity construction in forensic inpatients suffering from ASPD by comparing the characteristics (specificity, integration, valence, topic and period) of self-defining memories (SDM) of persons with ASPD hospitalised in a forensic hospital to those of control participants. Offenders with ASPD had difficulty in retrieving purely specific single events and tended to recall memories comprising multiple events.

Eating in case of emotion dys-regulation, depression and anxiety: Different pathways to emotional eating in moderate and severe obesity.

Emotion dys-regulation is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of emotional eating (EE), notably through its links with anxious and depressive symptoms. AIM: The aims of the study were to: (a) examine the mediating effect of depressive and anxious symptoms on the relationship between emotion dys-regulation and EE in obesity and (b) compare those links with various degrees of obesity severity. One hundred and twenty patients with obesity, including 60 with "n" (MO) (30 ≤ BMI < 40) and 60 with "severe obesity" (SO) (BMI > 40), completed self-report measures of emotion dys-regulation, depression, anxiety and EE.

Singles and Faces: High Recognition for Female Faces in Single Males.

A substantial body of research has assessed the effect of gender on face recognition; however, little is known about the effect of relationship status on face recognition. In this study, we assessed for the first time how relationship status impacts face recognition by asking 62 male and female participants to decide whether they had previously encountered faces of males and females. Participants were also asked to fill a socio-demographic variables questionnaire which included, among other information, question about their relationship status (i.

The influence of attachment styles on autonomic correlates of perspective-taking.

This study examined the effects of attachment styles on physiological responses during a perspective-taking task. Sixty-eight participants were selected according to attachment styles. Physiological responses were assessed using skin conductance responses (SCRs) in the three attachment groups (secure, insecure-anxious and insecure-avoidant) during the presentation of attachment-based pictures (distress, comfort or neutral) in two different perspective-taking conditions: self perspective-taking (i.

Effect of marital satisfaction on self-regulation efforts in couples: Value of heart rate variability measurements.

This study explored self-regulatory efforts during the viewing of couple interactions and their association with relationship satisfaction. High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was measured for each participant during a video recall of a recent couple interaction to quantify the self-regulatory processes governed by parasympathetic activity. Among 30 couples, HF-HRV was measured continuously during three specific periods to explore its change over time using a video-recall procedure: (1) resting state; (2) viewing of couple interactions (expressing daily life situations and conflictual interactions); and (3) recovery.