Heterozygous BTNL8 variants in individuals with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with intestinal manifestations. Genetic predisposition, including inborn errors of the OAS-RNAseL pathway, has been reported. We sequenced 154 MIS-C patients and utilized a novel statistical framework of gene burden analysis, "burdenMC," which identified an enrichment for rare predicted-deleterious variants in BTNL8 (OR = 4.

Biological markers of high risk of thrombotic recurrence in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: A literature review.

Objectives: This review aims to identify biological markers associated with the risk of recurrence of thrombotic and/or obstetric events in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to evaluate established and potential novel biological markers associated with thrombosis in APS. To this end, a PubMed literature search was conducted for the last twenty years using the following keywords or their combinations: thrombotic risk, recurrence of thrombosis, risk stratification, severity, predictive value.

Protective role of macrophages from maternal-fetal interface in unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 pregnant women.

Pregnant women represent a high-risk population for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in placenta from infected pregnant women, but whether the virus influences placenta immune response remains unclear. We investigated the properties of maternal-fetal interface macrophages (MFMs) in a cohort of unvaccinated women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during their pregnancy.

Prospective Multicenter Study on Early Proximal Tubular Injury in COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Introduction: During COVID-19, renal impairment is associated with poor prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to assess the existence and incidence of early renal dysfunction and its prognostic value in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, patients aged over 18 years with invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) for ARDS were enrolled in 3 ICUs.

Corrigendum: The Enterococcus secretome inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mycobacteria.

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Pan-microscopic examination of monkeypox virus in trophoblasts cells reveals new insights into virions release through filopodia-like projections.

Vertical transmission has been described following monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in pregnant women. The presence of MPXV has been reported in the placenta from infected women, but whether pathogens colonize placenta remains unexplored. We identify trophoblasts as a target cell for MPXV replication.

Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells Are Potent Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Represent Effector Phenotypes in Patients With COVID-19.

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells play a key role in the innate immune response to viral infections through butyrophilin 3A (BTN3A). Here, we report blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells decreased in clinically mild COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers, and this was maintained up to 28 days and in the recovery period. Terminally differentiated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells tended to be enriched on the day of diagnosis, 28 days after, and during the recovery period.

Resides in Macrophages in Laryngeal Tuberculosis: A Case Report.

Laryngeal tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that questions the natural history of this infection. We report one such case in which a pathological examination of a laryngeal biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis. Further investigations combining immunofluorescence detection of macrophages and in situ hybridization of indicated the presence of () in laryngeal granulomatous inflammatory lesions.

Anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies: biomarkers of severity and evolution of the disease in antisynthetase syndrome.

Background: Anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies represent essential markers in the diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS). In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate whether their concentrations and fluctuations could both respectively reflect the severity and evolution of ASS.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2020, clinical and biological features of ASS patients with at least one positive measure of anti-Jo-1 autoantibody were collected.

Identification and Characterization of an HtrA Sheddase Produced by .

Having previously shown that soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad) is found in sera of Q fever patients and that infection of BeWo cells by leads to modulation of the E-cad/β-cat pathway, our purpose was to identify which sheddase(s) might catalyze the cleavage of E-cad. Here, we searched for a direct mechanism of cleavage initiated by the bacterium itself, assuming the possible synthesis of a sheddase encoded in the genome of or an indirect mechanism based on the activation of a human sheddase. Using a straightforward bioinformatics approach to scan the complete genomes of four laboratory strains of , we demonstrate that encodes a 451 amino acid sheddase (CbHtrA) belonging to the HtrA family that is differently expressed according to the bacterial virulence.

The secretome inhibits the growth of complex mycobacteria.

, a commensal intestinal bacterium, was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of some complex (MTC) species that cause tuberculosis in humans and mammals. To further explore this preliminary observation, we cross-investigated five strains and seven MTC strains representative of four MTC species using a standardized quantitative agar well diffusion assay. All five strains, calibrated at 10 MacFarland, inhibited the growth of all strains with various susceptibility profiles, but no inhibition was observed with lower inoculums.

Modulation of the E-cadherin in human cells infected in vitro with Coxiella burnetii.

High concentration of soluble E-cadherin (E-cad) was previously found in sera from Q fever patients. Here, BeWo cells which express a high concentration of E-cad were used as an in vitro model to investigate the expression and function of E-cad in response to infection by Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever. Infection of BeWo cells with C.

Validation of ELISA assays for the calculation of FLC indices for the diagnosis of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.

Objectives: Define the cutoff thresholds of the Kappa (K) and Lambda (L) free light chains (FLC) indices for the detection of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis (IIS) using the new K and L FLC ELISA from SEBIA. The reference technique, which is not readily standardized between laboratories, is based on the demonstration of oligoclonal banding (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is absent in serum. For the past 6 years, we have also routinely calculated the K FLC index using The Binding Site (TBS) reagents on an Optilite instrument, an approach increasingly used as an alternative and/or a complement to electrophoretic analysis.

Gut microbiota in SLE: from animal models to clinical evidence and pharmacological perspectives.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease driven by complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors. SLE is characterised by breaking self-immune tolerance and autoantibody production that triggers inflammation and damage of multiple organs. Given the highly heterogeneous nature of SLE, the treatments currently used are still not satisfactory with considerable side effects, and the development of new therapies is a major health issue for better patient management.

Disruption of the Expression of the Placental Clock and Melatonin Genes in Preeclampsia.

Circadian rhythms have been described in numerous tissues of living organisms and are necessary for homeostasis. The understanding of their role in normal and pathological pregnancy is only just emerging. It has been established that clock genes are expressed in the placenta of animals and humans, but the rhythmicity of placenta immune cells is not known.

Infection and Persistence of Clinical Isolate in the Placental Environment.

Infection by , the etiological agent of Q fever, poses the risk of causing severe obstetrical complications in pregnant women. is known for its placental tropism based on animal models of infection. The Nine Mile strain has been mostly used to study pathogenicity but the contribution of human isolates to pathogenicity is poorly understood.

Macrophages and γδ T cells interplay during SARS-CoV-2 variants infection.

Introduction: The emergence of several SARS-CoV-2 variants during the COVID pandemic has revealed the impact of variant diversity on viral infectivity and host immune responses. While antibodies and CD8 T cells are essential to clear viral infection, the protective role of innate immunity including macrophages has been recognized. The aims of our study were to compare the infectivity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and to assess their activation profiles and the role of ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor.

The Association of Low CD4 Expression on Monocytes and Low CD8+ T-Cell Count at Hospital Admission Predicts the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Prospective Monocentric Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: To identify COVID-19-associated immunophenotyping patterns at hospital admission and to determine if some patterns could predict the need for mechanical ventilation (MV).

Design: Prospective observational monocentric cohort study.

Setting: A university-affiliated hospital in Marseille, France.

Vimentin is an important ACE2 co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in epithelial cells.

Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament protein, widely expressed in mesenchymal cells. Mainly located in the cytoplasm, vimentin can also appear at extracellular locations, where it may interact with bacterial or viral pathogens. In this study, we aimed at investigating the implication of vimentin in SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and the consequences on viral replication and cellular response.

Basophil Activation Test With Aspergillus Molecules: The Case for ABPA.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an underestimated allergic disease due to (AF). The main diagnostic criteria for ABPA rely on the evaluation of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG responses to AF extracts, although these cannot discriminate AF-sensitization from ABPA.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of cellular functional assays with extract and molecular AF allergens in ABPA.

Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and lupus mouse model: a cross species comparative analysis for biomarker discovery.

An increasing number of studies have provided strong evidence that gut microbiota interact with the immune system and stimulate various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of auto-immune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Indeed, gut microbiota could be a source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also hold the promise to discover novel therapeutic strategies. Thus far, specific SLE microbial signatures have not yet been clearly identified with alteration patterns that may vary between human and animal studies.