Safety and outcomes of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves under moderate sedation.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valves (EBV) offers a minimally invasive treatment for severe emphysema. Traditionally performed under general anesthesia (GA), this study evaluates whether BLVR performed under moderate sedation (MS) potentially has less adverse events as compared to ones done under GA.

Fixed right ventricular collapse: A loculated pericardial effusion due to metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Pericardial effusions can occur as either circumferential or loculated when referencing their anatomic distribution in the pericardium. These effusions can result from multiple different etiologies, including malignancy, infection, trauma, connective tissue disease, acute pericarditis drug induced, or idiopathic. Loculated pericardial effusions can be difficult to manage.