iPSC-Derived Embryoid Bodies as Models of c--Mutated Hereditary Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Hereditary cancers with cancer-predisposing mutations represent unique models of human oncogenesis, as a driving oncogenic event is present in germline. Currently, there are no satisfactory models to study these malignancies. We report the generation of IPSC from the somatic cells of a patient with hereditary c-mutated papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC).

National prospective study on the use of local haemostatic agents during partial nephrectomy.

Objective: To assess the use of local haemostatic agents (HAs) in a prospective multicentre large series of partial nephrectomies (PNs).

Patients And Methods: Prospective National Observational Registry on the Practices of Haemostasis in Partial Nephrectomy (NEPHRON): the study was conducted in 54 French urological centres from 1 June to 31 December 2010. In all, 570 consecutive patients undergoing a PN were enrolled in this study in a prospective manner.

Genome-wide RNA interference analysis of renal carcinoma survival regulators identifies MCT4 as a Warburg effect metabolic target.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological subtype of kidney cancer. Here, we integrated an unbiased genome-wide RNA interference screen for ccRCC survival regulators with an analysis of recurrently overexpressed genes in ccRCC to identify new therapeutic targets in this disease. One of the most potent survival regulators, the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 (SLC16A3), impaired ccRCC viability in all eight ccRCC lines tested and was the seventh most overexpressed gene in a meta-analysis of five ccRCC expression datasets.

Contemporary management of small renal masses.

Context: An increasing number of small renal masses (SRMs) with heterogeneous histology and clinical behaviour are being detected with modern radiologic imaging. Although surgical removal is the standard of care for small renal tumours, alternative minimally invasive and conservative treatment options are possible in selected patients with shorter life expectancy.

Objective: To systematically review indications, techniques, and outcomes of surgical and conservative treatments of SRMs.

Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a very heterogeneous disease with widely varying prognosis. An accurate knowledge of the individual risk of disease progression and mortality after treatment is essential to counsel patients, plan individualized surveillance protocols and select patients for adapted treatment schedules and new clinical trials.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature on prognostic factors of localized and metastatic RCC was performed.

The prognostic value of erythrocyte polyamines in the preoperative evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Polyamines, spermine and spermidine, are ubiquitous polycationic structures, which are essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. We tested whether spermine and spermidine could improve the prognostic ability of six established preoperative predictors of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) after partial or radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials And Methods: Overall, 385 patients with clinical stages T(1-3), M(0-1) RCC were treated with radical or partial nephrectomy at a single institution between 1990 and 2007.

The prognostic value of erythrocyte polyamine in the post-nephrectomy stratification of renal cell carcinoma specific mortality.

Purpose: The polyamines spermine and spermidine are ubiquitous polycationic structures which are essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. Circulating polyamines, spermine and spermidine, represent valuable prognostic markers in prostate cancer, acute leukemia and supratentorial malignant glioma. We tested whether spermine and spermidine could improve the prognostic ability of several established predictors of cancer specific mortality after partial or radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

The expanding role of partial nephrectomy: a critical analysis of indications, results, and complications.

Context: The gained expertise in the surgical technique of partial nephrectomy (PN) with excellent oncologic outcome and reduced morbidity has contributed to more frequent use of PN in many centres of reference, and the recent evidence favouring PN over radical nephrectomy (RN) in the prevention of chronic kidney disease and possibly linking it to a better overall survival (OS) will constitute a strong argument for wider use of PN.

Objective: To objectively analyse the advantages of PN over RN and to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of expanding the indications of PN T1b renal cortical tumours.

Evidence Acquisition: Literature searches on English-language publications were performed using the National Library of Medicine database.

Targeted therapies in metastatic renal cancer in 2009.

The development of targeted molecules in renal carcinogenesis changed the therapeutic approaches of treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Four available drugs are currently available, i.e.

Independent predictors of contralateral metachronous upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma after nephroureterectomy: multi-institutional dataset from three European centers.

Objectives: To identify the variables predictive of contralateral metachronous upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUT-TCC) after nephroureterectomy (NFU) for non-metastatic UUT-TCC.

Methods: Clinical and pathological data of 234 patients who had undergone NFU for UUT-TCC from 1989 to 2005 in three European urological centers were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results: The median follow-up duration for the whole cohort was 34 months.

Prostate cancer detection rate in patients with repeated extended 21-sample needle biopsy.

Background: Prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) after a negative first extended prostate needle biopsy protocol is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of significant PCa in patients who have had a negative first extended prostate biopsy protocol.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Between March 2001 and May 2007, 2500 consecutive patients underwent an extended protocol of 21 biopsies.

Validation by calibration of the UCLA integrated staging system prognostic model for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy.

Background: To the authors' knowledge, calibration of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Integrated Staging System (UISS) prognostic score in patients nephrectomized for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has never been specifically addressed. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the calibration of the UISS prognostic score in a European multicenter retrospective study.

Methods: Six European centers participated in the study.

Mathematical models for prognostic prediction in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to catalogue all models developed to predict survival of RCC patients and to identify the ones to be used in different situations.

Methods: A systematic review was performed searching with a free text and MeSH strategy 3 electronic databases. For each model, the following parameters were identified: number, features of the patients; evaluation endpoints; clinical and/or pathological variables included; concordance indexes (cI).

Independent predictors of metachronous bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) after nephroureterectomy for TCC of the upper urinary tract.

Objective: To identify the prognostic factors predictive of metachronous bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in a multi-institutional dataset of patients who had undergone nephroureterectomy (NU) for nonmetastatic upper urinary tract (UUT) TCC.

Patients And Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 231 patients who had had NU for UUT-TCC from 1989 to 2005 in three European centres were collected retrospectively, and analysed for clinical and pathological variables.

Results: The median follow-up was 38 months; during the follow-up, bladder TCC was detected in 109 patients (47.

Independent predictors of cancer-specific survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: multi-institutional dataset from 3 European centers.

Background: The objective of the current study was to identify variables that were predictive of cancer-specific survival in patients with nonmetastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-TCC).

Methods: Clinical and pathologic data from 269 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy for UUT-TCC from 1989 to 2005 in 3 urologic European centers were collected retrospectively. Log-rank tests and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used for univariate and multivariate analyses.

A new staging system for locally advanced (pT3-4) renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter European study including 2,000 patients.

Purpose: We provide an adequate prognostic stratification for locally advanced renal cell carcinoma and propose a new TNM classification.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed clinical and pathological data on a large series of patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for pT3-4 renal cell carcinoma at 12 European centers. Cancer specific survivals were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Frequency, clinical presentation and evolution of renal oncocytomas: multicentric experience from a European database.

Objectives: To understand the clinical behavior of renal oncocytoma in a retrospective analysis of a European multicentric nephrectomies database.

Methods: The records of 891 patients who underwent surgical resection of renal neoplasm were reviewed. Relevant clinical and pathological data for each patient were retrieved in a database.

Urinary IL-2 assay for monitoring intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin response of superficial bladder cancer during induction course and maintenance therapy.

We evaluated the clinical significance of Th1(IL-2)/Th2(IL-10) urinary profiles during a weekly induction course lasting 6 weeks, followed by a weekly maintenance therapy schedule for 3 weeks. Urinary IL-2 and /IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ. Measurements were made after each instillation of 81 mg of BCG Connaught (Immucyst) during the induction course and the 3-week maintenance therapy (given at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months).

Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers in renal-transplant recipients.

Background: There is no consensus regarding prostate cancer in renal-transplant recipients (RTR). A questionnaire evaluating prostate cancer screening after transplantation and assessing the number, diagnostic modalities, treatment, and outcome of prostate cancer cases was mailed to 22 French renal-transplant centers.

Results: Among 1,680 RTR in 1998, 11 (0.

Prognostic value of a T helper 1 urinary cytokine response after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment for superficial bladder cancer.

Purpose: Interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma are released during T helper 1 lymphocyte responses, while IL-10 is released during T helper 2 responses. We evaluated the prognostic value of urinary IL-2, interferon-gamma and IL-10 levels in patients with superficial bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation.

Methods: Urinary IL-2, interferon-gamma and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 37 patients receiving BCG for stages Ta/T1 superficial bladder cancer, and carcinoma in situ.