Impact of antibiotics, iron oxide, and sodium sulfate on microbial community composition in laboratory-built municipal solid waste microcosms.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills represent underexplored microbial ecosystems. Landfills contain variable amounts of antibiotic and construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, which have the potential to alter microbial metabolism due to biocidal or redox active components, and these effects are largely underexplored. To circumvent the challenge of MSW heterogeneity, we conducted a 65-day time series study on simulated MSW microcosms to assess microbiome changes using 16S rRNA sequencing in response to 1) Fe(OH)3 and 2) Na2SO4 to represent redox active components of C&D waste as well as 3) antibiotics.

A Review of Landfill Microbiology and Ecology: A Call for Modernization With 'Next Generation' Technology.

Engineered and monitored sanitary landfills have been widespread in the United States since the passage of the Clean Water Act (1972) with additional controls under RCRA Subtitle D (1991) and the Clean Air Act Amendments (1996). Concurrently, many common perceptions regarding landfill biogeochemical and microbiological processes and estimated rates of gas production also date from 2 to 4 decades ago. Herein, we summarize the recent application of modern microbiological tools as well as recent metadata analysis using California, USEPA and international data to outline an evolving view of landfill biogeochemical/microbiological processes and rates.

Spatial and Temporal Variability in Emissions of Fluorinated Gases from a California Landfill.

Emissions of twelve (hydro)chlorofluorocarbons (F-gases) and methane were quantified using large-scale static chambers as a function of cover type (daily, intermediate, final) and seasonal variation (wet, dry) at a California landfill. The majority of the F-gas fluxes was positive and varied over 7 orders of magnitude across the cover types in a given season (wet: 10 to 10 g/m-day; dry: 10 to 10 g/m-day). The highest fluxes were from active filling areas with thin, coarse-grained daily covers, whereas the lowest fluxes were from the thick, fine-grained final cover.

Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste at different phases of biodegradation.

This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation conducted to determine the variation of geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) at different phases of degradation. Synthetic MSW samples were prepared based on the composition of MSW generated in the United States and were degraded in bioreactors with leachate recirculation. Degradation of the synthetic MSW was quantified based on the gas composition and organic content, and the samples exhumed from the bioreactor cells at different phases of degradation were tested for the geotechnical properties.

Seasonal greenhouse gas emissions (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide) from engineered landfills: daily, intermediate, and final California cover soils.

Compared with natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems, engineered landfills represent a highly managed soil system for which there has been no systematic quantification of emissions from coexisting daily, intermediate, and final cover materials. We quantified the seasonal variability of CH, CO, and NO emissions from fresh refuse (no cover) and daily, intermediate, and final cover materials at northern and southern California landfill sites with engineered gas extraction systems. Fresh refuse fluxes (g m d [± SD]) averaged CH 0.

Limits and dynamics of methane oxidation in landfill cover soils.

In order to understand the limits and dynamics of methane (CH(4)) oxidation in landfill cover soils, we investigated CH(4) oxidation in daily, intermediate, and final cover soils from two California landfills as a function of temperature, soil moisture and CO(2) concentration. The results indicate a significant difference between the observed soil CH(4) oxidation at field sampled conditions compared to optimum conditions achieved through pre-incubation (60 days) in the presence of CH(4) (50 ml l(-1)) and soil moisture optimization. This pre-incubation period normalized CH(4) oxidation rates to within the same order of magnitude (112-644 μg CH(4) g(-1) day(-1)) for all the cover soils samples examined, as opposed to the four orders of magnitude variation in the soil CH(4) oxidation rates without this pre-incubation (0.

Effectiveness of a Florida landfill biocover for reduction of CH4 and NMHC emissions.

Methane-oxidizing "biocovers" were constructed at the Leon County Landfill (Florida). The primary goal was to determine if a biocover placed above the existing thin (15 cm) intermediate clay cover would be capable of mitigating CH(4) and nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions to the atmosphere in this subtropical environment. A secondary goal was to maximize the use of locally recycled materials for biocover construction.

Microbial methane oxidation processes and technologies for mitigation of landfill gas emissions.

Landfill gas containing methane is produced by anaerobic degradation of organic waste. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas and landfills are one of the major anthropogenic sources of atmospheric methane. Landfill methane may be oxidized by methanotrophic microorganisms in soils or waste materials utilizing oxygen that diffuses into the cover layer from the atmosphere.

Compressibility and shear strength of municipal solid waste under short-term leachate recirculation operations.

This paper describes a comprehensive laboratory study performed to investigate the compressibility and shear strength properties of 1.5-year-old municipal solid waste (MSW) exhumed from a landfill cell where low amounts of leachate were recirculated. The study results are compared with results from a previous study on fresh MSW collected from the same landfill and data from previous studies with known MSW age to assess the variation in properties due to degradation.

Geotechnical properties of fresh municipal solid waste at Orchard Hills Landfill, USA.

This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation to determine the geotechnical properties of fresh municipal solid waste (MSW) collected from the working phase of Orchard Hills Landfill located in Davis Junction (Illinois, USA). Laboratory testing was conducted on shredded MSW to determine the compaction, hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, and shear strength properties at in-situ gravimetric moisture content of 44%. In addition, the effect of increased moisture content during leachate recirculation on compressibility and shear strength of MSW was also investigated by testing samples with variable gravimetric moisture contents ranging from 44% to 100%.