Background: Maturity onset diabetes of the young is one of the commonest causes of monogenic diabetes and can easily be mistaken for type 1 diabetes. A diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young can have direct implications for genetic counseling, family screening, and precision diabetes treatment. However, the cost of genetic testing and identifying individuals to test are the main challenges for diagnosis and management in sub-Saharan Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
August 2024
Introduction: We undertook phenotypic characterization of early-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adult black African and white European populations with recently diagnosed T2D to explore ethnic differences in the manifestation of early-onset T2D.
Research Design And Methods: Using the Uganda Diabetes Phenotype study cohort of 500 adult Ugandans and the UK StartRight study cohort of 714 white Europeans with recently diagnosed islet autoantibody-negative T2D, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of participants with early-onset T2D (diagnosed at <40 years) and late-onset T2D (diagnosed at ≥40 years).
Results: One hundred and thirty-four adult Ugandans and 113 white Europeans had early-onset T2D.
The early prevention of non-communicable diseases in Cameroon schools program was initiated in 2018 to address the alarming trend of obesity among adolescents through a nutrition education intervention aimed at increasing knowledge on nutrition and the benefits of healthy eating and physical activity. The program included: school surveys to document eating habits and health-risky behaviors in students, the development of a training curriculum, training and sensitization sessions for school staff, school vendors and students, and advocacy meetings with parliamentarians and mayors. We carried out a quasi-experimental study to assess the effect of the intervention on the student's knowledge and eating behavior three months after the training sessions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The burden of gestational diabetes (GDM) and the optimal screening strategies in African populations are yet to be determined. We assessed the prevalence of GDM and the performance of various screening tests in a Cameroonian population.
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study involving the screening of 983 women at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy for GDM using serial tests, including fasting plasma (FPG), random blood glucose (RBG), a 1-hour 50g glucose challenge test (GCT), and standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Objective We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of a doxycycline-based regimen against Cameroon National Standard Guidelines (hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin) for the treatment of mild symptomatic COVID-19. Methods We conducted an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial in Cameroon comparing doxycycline 100 mg, twice daily for seven days versus hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily for five days and azithromycin 500 mg at day 1 and 250 mg from day 2 through 5 in mild COVID-19 patients. Clinical recovery, biological parameters, and adverse events were assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe phenotype of type 1 diabetes in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is poorly understood. Most previously conducted studies have suggested that type 1 diabetes may have a different phenotype from the classical form of the disease described in western literature. Making an accurate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Africa is challenging, given the predominance of atypical diabetes forms and limited resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Type 1 diabetes is reported to have significant mortality in Africa. However, there is a paucity of data on pooled estimates of its incidence and prevalence in Africa. This first systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to determine the incidence and prevalence of this condition in Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The clinical utility of Urinary C-Peptide to Creatinine Ratio (UCPCR) is well understood in people with different types of diabetes in Caucasian populations, but studies are lacking in African populations. We, therefore, aimed to examine Urinary C-Peptide to Creatinine Ratio levels among groups of people with different types of diabetes in a sub-Saharan African population.
Methods: A total of 47 adults with diabetes; 10 with type 1 diabetes, 26 with type 2 diabetes, 11 with ketosis-prone diabetes, and 22 healthy control individuals, were recruited from Yaoundé Central Hospital in Cameroon.
Background: Procalcitonin is an inflammatory marker strongly associated with the presence of bacterial infection. It has been considered raised in severe malaria infection as opposed to uncomplicated malaria. There are suggestions that it may be raised only when there is concomitant unnoticeable bacterial infection during a malaria crisis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin have been shown to be independent markers of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to assess the correlation between serum levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study at a tertiary level reference hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Investig Med
October 2021
This study aimed to assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) of chronic periodontitis on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and serum C reactive protein (CRP) level in individuals without diabetes. Twenty individuals without diabetes with chronic periodontitis underwent NSPT, which consisted of complete scaling, polishing, root planing, and irrigation of the periodontal pockets with a 10% povidone-iodine solution. Periodontal indices (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss), insulin sensitivity using the Short Insulin Tolerance Test index (KITT), glucose tolerance derived from oral glucose tolerance test, and serum CRP level were measured before and 3 months after the intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of capsaicin in inducing significant pain relief in a population of sub-Saharan African type 2 diabetic patients with painful peripheral neuropathy. Design This was a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Setting A single tertiary-level hospital diabetes center in Yaounde, Cameroon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSome pesticides increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but whether fetal exposure carries transgenerational risk remains unknown. We evaluated the metabolic effects of gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid in female Wistar rats and their offspring. We studied female nulliparous Wistar rats, including six exposed to imidacloprid (IMI) and six to chlorpyrifos (CPF) once daily throughout gestation at 1/10 lethal dose 50, while six (control group) received distilled water.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: The study aimed to identify and describe adverse drug reactions and adherence to clinical guidelines in patients receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Cameroon.
Methods: The method used was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary diabetes care service in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Adult T2DM patients attending the diabetes clinic were interviewed using a pre-structured data collection form.
Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol
January 2020
We aimed to determine true and false positives of glaucoma screening, relying solely on photos of the retina, taken with a smartphone. We performed a descriptive and analytical study on patients with type 2 diabetes at the National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Participating patients had retinal photography sessions using an iPhone 5s (iOS 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Hypogonadism refers to a syndrome that results from failure of gonads to function properly. The main concern is considerable rise in morbidity, as shown by increased cardiovascular risk, infertility, osteoporosis and above all, the psychological impact on the life of the patients with hypogonadism. Judicious steroid replacement and culturally-sensitive psychological support before and during steroid therapy remains the key tool in the management of this condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPesticide exposure may induce biochemical alterations including oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. However, in the context of developmental origin of health and disease, putative trans-generational effect of exposure to pesticides are insufficiently studied. We therefore aimed to evaluate the biochemical effect of gestational exposure to four pesticides on female Wistar rats and their offspring at adult age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
May 2019
Backround And Objective: Screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is cost-effective when compared with disability loss for those who go blind in the absence of a screening program. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a smartphone-based device for the screening and detection of DR.
Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study of 220 patients with diabetes (440 eyes, all patients age 25 years or older) was completed.
Purpose Of Review: This review seeks to address knowledge gaps around the economic burden of diabetes in Africa. Africa is home to numerous endemic infections and also prevalent non-communicable diseases including diabetes. It is projected that the greatest increases in diabetes prevalence will occur in Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We aimed to determine heart rate variability in freshly diagnosed untreated hyperthyroidism patients. We enrolled 10 patients (9 females) and 10 matched controls for sex and age. Each eligible patient underwent five different tests according to Ewing battery tests for cardiac autonomic dysfunction assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: This review seeks to address the epidemiology and pathophysiological basis of the interaction between HIV infection and diabetes and the implication for treatment. Its importance stems from the current context of the growing burden of both conditions and the possible mechanisms of interactions that may exist but not yet sufficiently examined.
Recent Findings: HIV infection is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance, and ART is associated with metabolic derangement and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the world today. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed efficient and inexpensive "best buy" interventions for prevention of tobacco use including: tax increases, smoke-free indoor workplaces and public places, bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and health information and warnings. This paper analyzes the extent to which tobacco use prevention policies in Cameroon align with the WHO tobacco "best buy" interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Oral Health
February 2018
Background: There is a burglar association between diabetes and periodontitis. Many studies has shown that periodontitis treatment can help improving glycemic control in diabetes patients but little evidence of non-surgical treatment benefit is available in sub Saharan african diabetes patients. We aimed to assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) of chronic periodontitis on glycaemic control in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) in a sub-Saharan Africa urban setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF