Flip Distances Between Graph Orientations.

Flip graphs are a ubiquitous class of graphs, which encode relations on a set of combinatorial objects by elementary, local changes. Skeletons of associahedra, for instance, are the graphs induced by quadrilateral flips in triangulations of a convex polygon. For some definition of a flip graph, a natural computational problem to consider is the flip distance: Given two objects, what is the minimum number of flips needed to transform one into the other? We consider flip graphs on orientations of simple graphs, where flips consist of reversing the direction of some edges.

Phosphate addition to hemodiafiltration solutions during continuous renal replacement therapy.

Objective: Hypophosphatemia often occurs during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The addition of phosphate to dialysate and replacement solutions facilitates phosphate handling, but the risk of precipitation with calcium within these solutions has not been addressed.

Design And Setting: Experimental study with a retrospective observational study in a medico-surgical intensive care unit.

Continuous renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery. Review of 85 cases.

Background/aims: To evaluate the outcome of patients who require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) following cardiac surgery.

Methods: All patients who received CRRT after cardiac surgery over more than 4 years at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of the Montreal Heart Institute were reviewed. Among 5,564 consecutive patients, 85 underwent CRRT postoperatively.

Solute clearances during continuous venovenous haemofiltration at various ultrafiltration flow rates using Multiflow-100 and HF1000 filters.

Background: In continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH), high ultrafiltration rates provide survival benefits in acute renal failure. This study measured clearances obtained at ultrafiltration rates of up to 4.5 l/h.