A Case Report of Crotalidae Immune F(ab')-associated Coagulopathy Recurrence in a Preschool-age Child.

Introduction: Pit viper envenomation may cause coagulopathy. The coagulopathy has been treated with crotalidae polyvalent immune fragment antigen-binding (Fab) ovine antivenom for the last few decades in the United States and usually corrects the acute coagulopathy within hours. Days after receiving Fab, coagulopathy may recur in approximately half of the patients.

The Efficacy of Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab') Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Latrodectism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial.

Study Objective: The antivenom currently available for treatment of systemic black widow envenomation (latrodectism) is composed of equine whole immunoglobin. Although considered effective, it has been associated with anaphylaxis and 2 reported fatalities. We test the efficacy and safety of new equine antivenom composed of purified F(ab') antibody fragments.

A review of methylene blue treatment for cardiovascular collapse.

Background: Historically, methylene blue (MB) has been used for multiple purposes, including as an antidote for toxin-induced and hereditary methemoglobinemia, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and ackee fruit and cyanide poisoning; as an aniline dye derivative, antimalarial agent, and antidepressant.

Discussion: Most recently, the use of MB has been advocated as a potential adjunct in the treatment of shock states. Our article reviews the role of MB in septic shock, anaphylactic shock, and toxin-induced shock.

A retrospective review of whole bowel irrigation in pediatric patients.

Background: Traditionally whole bowel irrigation (WBI) has been advocated for ingestions involving substances not bound with activated charcoal as well as extended release and enteric coated medications. Other than isolated case reports, little exists in the literature regarding the use of WBI in poisoned pediatric patients. The purpose of this study is to better understand the use of WBI in pediatric patients.

Multiple centrally acting antidotes protect against severe organophosphate toxicity.

Background: Accumulation of acetylcholine in the central nervous system is believed to account for the rapid lethality of organophosphate pesticides and chemical nerve agents. Diazepam is known to supplement atropine therapy, but its specific mechanism of action is uncertain.

Objectives: To test four centrally acting agents for early antidotal efficacy in severe dichlorvos poisoning in the murine model.