Phylogenetic Network Analyses Reveal the Influence of Transmission Clustering on the Spread of HIV Drug Resistance in Quebec from 2002 to 2022.

Background: HIV drug resistance (HIV-DR) may jeopardize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in treatment and prevention. This study utilized viral phylogenetics to resolve the influence of transmission networks on sustaining the spread of HIV-DR in Quebec spanning 2002 to 2022.

Methods: Time trends in acquired (ADR) and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) were delineated in treatment-experienced ( = 3500) and ART-naïve persons ( = 6011) with subtype B infections.

Kinetics of HIV-1 CTL epitopes recognized by HLA I alleles in HIV-infected individuals at times near primary infection: the Provir/Latitude45 study.

In patients responding successfully to ART, the next therapeutic step is viral cure. An interesting strategy is antiviral vaccination, particularly involving CD8 T cell epitopes. However, attempts at vaccination are dependent on the immunogenetic background of individuals.

Subtype diversity associated with the development of HIV-1 resistance to integrase inhibitors.

We used genotypic and phylogenetic analysis to determine integrase diversity among subtypes, and studied natural polymorphisms and mutations implicated in resistance to integrase inhibitors (INI) in treatment-naïve persons (n = 220) and -experienced individuals (n = 24). Phylogenetics revealed 7 and 10% inter-subtype diversity in the integrase and reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease regions, respectively. Integrase sequencing identified a novel A/B recombinant in which all viruses in a male-sex-male (MSM) transmission cluster (n = 12) appeared to possess subtype B in integrase and subtype A in the remainder of the pol region.

A field study on the effects of dietary monensin on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows.

The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of 16 ppm of dietary monensin on milk production and composition of dairy cows, and to investigate factors having a potential impact on this effect. Data were generated from a total of 3577 Holstein dairy cows (47 herds) in Quebec enrolled in a herd-level, randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of monensin supplementation. Milk production and composition data were collected from monthly dairy herd improvement (DHI) testing.

[The use of monensin premix in dairy cows: simple and essential steps for ensuring its proper use].

The use of monensin premix in dairy cows: Simple and essential steps for ensuring its proper use. Dietary monensin, containing monensin sodium as active ingredient, is frequently used on dairy farms in Canada. Although the use of monensin is safe, some overdose situations have been reported following consumption of higher than recommended doses.