Ultra-high resolution CT imaging of interstitial lung disease: impact of photon-counting CT in 112 patients.

Objectives: To compare lung parenchyma analysis on ultra-high resolution (UHR) images of a photon-counting CT (PCCT) scanner with that of high-resolution (HR) images of an energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT).

Methods: A total of 112 patients with stable interstitial lung disease (ILD) were investigated (a) at T0 with HRCT on a 3-generation dual-source CT scanner; (b) at T1 with UHR on a PCCT scanner; (c) with a comparison of 1-mm-thick lung images.

Results: Despite a higher level of objective noise at T1 (74.

Ultra-High-Resolution Photon-Counting CT Imaging of the Chest: A New Era for Morphology and Function.

After a decade of preclinical testing, photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) has now entered daily routine, enabling radiologists to start investigating thoracic disorders in unprecedented conditions. The improved spatial resolution of the ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scanning mode is a major step for the analysis of bronchopulmonary disorders, making abnormalities at the level of small anatomical structures such as secondary pulmonary lobules accessible to radiologists. Distal divisions of pulmonary and systemic vessels also benefit from UHR protocols as alterations of lung microcirculation were previously excluded from confident analysis with energy-integrating detector CT.

Dual-energy CT lung perfusion characteristics in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PVOD/PCH): preliminary experience in 63 patients.

Background: In the stratification of potential causes of PH, current guidelines recommend performing V/Q lung scintigraphy to screen for CTEPH. The recognition of CTEPH is based on the identification of lung segments or sub-segments without perfusion but preserved ventilation. The presence of mismatched perfusion defects has also been described in a small proportion of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PVOD/PCH).

Dual-Energy CT Perfusion of Invasive Tumor Front in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers.

Background Active endothelial cell proliferation occurs at the tumor edge, known as the invading-tumor front. This study focused on perfusion analysis of non-small cell lung cancers. Purpose To analyze dual-phase, dual-energy CT perfusion according to the degree of tumor hypoxia.

Evaluation Of a New Reconstruction Technique for Dual-Energy (DECT) Lung Perfusion: Preliminary Experience In 58 Patients.

Purpose: To compare dual-energy (DE) lung perfused blood volume generated by subtraction of virtual monoenergetic images (Lung Mono) with images obtained by three-compartment decomposition (Lung PBV).

Material And Methods: The study included 58 patients (28 patients with and 30 patients without PE) with reconstruction of Lung PBV images (i.e.

Unraveling the interplay of image formation, data representation and learning in CT-based COPD phenotyping automation: The need for a meta-strategy.

Purpose: In the literature on automated phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a multitude of isolated classical machine learning and deep learning techniques, mostly investigating individual phenotypes, with small study cohorts and heterogeneous meta-parameters, e.g., different scan protocols or segmented regions.

Assessment of pulmonary arterial circulation 3 months after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Dual-energy CT (DECT) angiographic study in 55 patients.

Background: During COVID-19, the main manifestations of the disease are not only pneumonia but also coagulation disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulmonary vascular abnormalities 3 months after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms.

Methods: Among the 320 patients who participated in a systematic follow-up 3 months after hospitalization, 76 patients had residual symptoms justifying a specialized follow-up in the department of pulmonology.

Publisher Correction: The Technome - A Predictive Internal Calibration Approach for Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Research.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Machine Learning and Deep Neural Network Applications in the Thorax: Pulmonary Embolism, Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension, Aorta, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

The radiologic community is rapidly integrating a revolution that has not fully entered daily practice. It necessitates a close collaboration between computer scientists and radiologists to move from concepts to practical applications. This article reviews the current littérature on machine learning and deep neural network applications in the field of pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, aorta, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The Technome - A Predictive Internal Calibration Approach for Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Research.

The goal of radiomics is to convert medical images into a minable data space by extraction of quantitative imaging features for clinically relevant analyses, e.g. survival time prediction of a patient.

Pediatric chest computed tomography at 100 kVp with tin filtration: comparison of image quality with 70-kVp imaging at comparable radiation dose.

Background: Radiation dose reduction is a primary objective in pediatric populations owing to the well-known risks of radiation-induced cancers. Low-energy photons participate in the radiation dose without significantly contributing to image formation. Their suppression by means of tin filtration should decrease the image noise, anticipating a subsequent application to dose saving.

Predictors of lung function test severity and outcome in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is the leading cause of death in SSc. In this study, we aimed to describe the baseline severity and evolution of forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in patients with SSc-ILD and to assess the baseline clinical, biological and high-resolution CT scan (HRCT) predictors of this evolution. Baseline and serial FVC and DLCO were collected in 75 SSc-ILD patients followed during 6.

Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Volume with Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Results in 42 Subjects.

Rationale And Objectives: The noninvasive approach of lung perfusion generated from dual-energy computed tomography acquisitions has entered clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze the regional distribution of iodine within distal portions of the pulmonary arterial bed on dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography examinations in a cohort of subjects without cardiopulmonary pathologies.

Materials And Methods: The study population included 42 patients without cardiorespiratory disease, enabling quantitative and qualitative analysis of pulmonary blood volume after administration of a 40% contrast agent.

Metal Artifact Reduction on Chest Computed Tomography Examinations: Comparison of the Iterative Metallic Artefact Reduction Algorithm and the Monoenergetic Approach.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare iterative metallic artefact reduction (iMAR) and monochromatic imaging on metal artifact reduction.

Materials And Methods: Follow-up of 29 occluded pulmonary arteriovenous malformations was obtained with dual-energy computed tomography with reconstruction of averaged images using filtered back projection (group 1), iMAR (group 2), and creation of high-energy monoenergetic images (group 3). Two types of coils had been used: (a) nickel only (group A, n = 18) and (b) nickel and platinum (group B, n = 11).

Pembrolizumab-induced pneumonitis.

http://ow.ly/Dvhc308QI39.

Automated 3D Rendering of Ribs in 110 Polytrauma Patients: Strengths and Limitations.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the strengths and limitations of a rib-unfolding software in a polytrauma context.

Materials And Methods: Chest computed tomography (CT) examinations of 110 patients were reviewed for specific detection of rib fractures using: (1) transverse CT sections ±  multiplanar reformattings (ie, the standard of reference), and (2) unfolded rib images reconstructed by the CT Bone Reading software with the possibility of rib analysis along their long axis and creation of standard orthogonal views in different orientations of any area suspected of fracture.

Results: The software provided complete reconstruction of the whole rib cage in 94 patients (85.

Radiation dose levels in pediatric chest CT: experience in 499 children evaluated with dual-source single-energy CT.

Background: The availability of dual-source technology has introduced the possibility of scanning children at lower kVp with a high-pitch mode, combining high-speed data acquisition and high temporal resolution.

Objective: To establish the radiation dose levels of dual-source, single-energy chest CT examinations in children.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively recorded the dose-length product (DLP) of 499 consecutive examinations obtained in children <50 kg, divided into five weight groups: group 1 (<10 kg, n = 129); group 2 (10-20 kg, n = 176); group 3 (20-30 kg, n = 99), group 4 (30-40 kg, n = 58) and group 5 (40-49 kg, n = 37).

Impact of CT perfusion imaging on the assessment of peripheral chronic pulmonary thromboembolism: clinical experience in 62 patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of CT perfusion imaging on the detection of peripheral chronic pulmonary embolisms (CPE).

Materials And Methods: 62 patients underwent a dual-energy chest CT angiographic examination with (a) reconstruction of diagnostic and perfusion images; (b) enabling depiction of vascular features of peripheral CPE on diagnostic images and perfusion defects (20 segments/patient; total: 1240 segments examined). The interpretation of diagnostic images was of two types: (a) standard (i.

Effect of Iterative Reconstruction on the Detection of Systemic Sclerosis-related Interstitial Lung Disease: Clinical Experience in 55 Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of iterative reconstruction on the depiction of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) when the radiation dose is reduced by 60%.

Materials And Methods: This study was based on retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data over a 12-month period and approved by the institutional review board. The requirement to obtain informed consent was waived.

Coronary calcium screening with dual-source CT: reliability of ungated, high-pitch chest CT in comparison with dedicated calcium-scoring CT.

Purpose: To investigate the reliability of ungated, high-pitch dual-source CT for coronary artery calcium (CAC) screening.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and eighty-five smokers underwent a dual-source CT examination with acquisition of two sets of images during the same session: (a) ungated, high-pitch and high-temporal resolution acquisition over the entire thorax (i.e.

Coronary artery visibility in free-breathing young children on non-gated chest CT: impact of temporal resolution.

Background: Dual-source CT allows scanning of the chest with high pitch and high temporal resolution, which can improve the detection of proximal coronary arteries in infants and young children when scanned without general anesthesia, sedation or beta-blockade.

Objective: To compare coronary artery visibility between higher and standard temporal resolution.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed CT images in 93 children who underwent a standard chest CT angiographic examination with reconstruction of images with a temporal resolution of 75 ms (group 1) and 140 ms (group 2).

Impact of iterative reconstruction on the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) on reduced-dose chest CT angiograms.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of iterative reconstruction on the detectability of clots.

Methods And Materials: Fifty-three patients were enrolled in a study comparing reduced-dose and full-dose images, available from the same dual-source data set. From each acquisition, three series of images were generated: (1) full-dose images (from both tubes), reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) (group 1; standard of reference), (2) reduced-dose images (from tube A only; 60 % dose reduction) reconstructed with FBP (group 2) and iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) (group 3).