Dairy Fat Intake, Plasma Pentadecanoic Acid, and Plasma Iso-heptadecanoic Acid Are Inversely Associated With Liver Fat in Children.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the relevance of pediatric dairy fat recommendations for children at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by studying the association between dairy fat intake and the amount of liver fat. The effects of dairy fat may be mediated by odd chain fatty acids (OCFA), such as pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), and monomethyl branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), such as iso-heptadecanoic acid (iso-C17:0). Therefore, we also evaluated the association between plasma levels of OCFA and BCFA with the amount of liver fat.

Outcome of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) Infection in Pediatric and Adult Patients at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR.

Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is an important cause of acute febrile illness in Lao PDR (Laos), patient outcome has not been evaluated. We prospectively followed up 123 JEV-infected patients (70 children < 15 years and 53 adults ≥ 15 years) admitted at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, from 2003 to 2013. Japanese encephalitis virus infection was diagnosed by the detection of anti-JEV IgM in cerebrospinal fluid and/or IgM seroconversion.

Influence of maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy on fetal cardiac function and outflow.

Background: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death, have been documented in children as young as 3 years of age. Maternal environment (eg, exercise) influences fetal development and long-term health. Thus, the development of the fetal cardiovascular system during pregnancy is likely a preliminary indicator of cardiac health at birth and a proxy for the future risk of cardiovascular disease throughout life.

Large Reductions in Match Play Physical Performance Variables Across a Professional Football Season With Control for Situational and Contextual Variables.

This investigation examined match play physical performance across a professional football season using a multicamera computerized tracking system. A linear mixed-effects model, controlling for situational and contextual variables, identified decreases in team average total distance (TD): season quarter 1 (Q1) (11,047 m) > season quarter 2 (Q2) (10,473 m) ( = ; ES = ), season quarter 3 (Q3) (10,449 m) ( < 0.001; ES = ), and season quarter 4 (Q4) (10,385 m) ( < 0.

Exercise intervention and sexual function in advanced prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Treatments for prostate cancer such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), surgery and radiation therapy can adversely affect sexual, urinary and bowel function. Preliminary research has demonstrated the efficacy of exercise to preserve sexual function in men with localised prostate cancer receiving ADT, though this has yet to be investigated in a metastatic setting. We examined the effects of a 12-week exercise programme comprising resistance, aerobic and flexibility training on sexual health and function in men with advanced prostate cancer.

Diagnostic accuracy of an in-house Scrub Typhus enzyme linked immunoassay for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in Laos.

Scrub typhus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asia. Diagnosis of scrub typhus is difficult due to a lack of accessible validated diagnostic tools. Despite its objectivity, the diagnostic accuracy of ELISA tests is influenced by methodological and patient factors.

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Agona Isolate from an Australian Silver Gull () Reveals the Acquisition of Multidrug Resistance Plasmids.

Although most of the approximately 94 million annual human cases of gastroenteritis due to resolve without medical intervention, antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patients with severe disease. Wild birds can be natural hosts of that pose a threat to human health; however, multiple-drug-resistant serovars of have rarely been described. In 2012, silver gull () chicks at a major breeding colony were shown to host , most isolates of which were susceptible to antibiotics.

A Menopause Strategies-Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health (MsFLASH) Investigation of Self-Reported Menopausal Palpitation Distress.

Study to describe the degree of menopausal palpitation distress and its demographic, clinical, symptom, and quality-of-life (QOL) correlates. Analysis of existing, baseline, data from peri- and postmenopausal women, 42 to 62 years of age, who participated in the Menopause Strategies-Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health (MsFLASH) clinical trials testing interventions for vasomotor symptoms ( = 759). Up to 46.

Utility of shape evolution and displacement in the classification of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions.

The accurate recognition of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions is challenged by the high sensitivity and imperfect specificity of MRI. To examine whether longitudinal changes in volume, surface area, 3-dimensional (3D) displacement (i.e.

Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics and Substrate-Based Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes in Ex Vivo Human Skin and a Human Living Skin Equivalent Model.

We report for the first time label-free quantification of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME), transporters, redox enzymes, proteases, and nucleases in six human skin explants and a three-dimensional living skin equivalent model from LabSkin. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of LabSkin as an alternative to animal testing for the development of topical formulations. More than 2000 proteins were identified and quantified from total cellular protein.

Anticancer potential of myricetin bulk and nano forms in vitro in lymphocytes from myeloma patients.

Evading apoptosis and chemo-resistance are considered as very important factors which help tumour progression and metastasis. Hence, to overcome chemo-resistance, there is an urgent requirement for emergence of more effective treatment options. Myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is present in various plant-derived foods and shows antitumour potential in different cancers.

Prediction of Discontinuation of Structured Exercise Programme in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the physiological profiles of completers vs. non-completers following a structured exercise programme (SEP) and the ability to predict non-completers, which is currently unknown in this group.

Methods: Sixty-nine patients met the Fukuda criteria.

We have the program, what now? Development of an implementation plan to bridge the research-practice gap prevalent in exercise oncology.

Background: Exercise has emerged as a promising therapy for people with cancer. Novel programs have been developed to translate research into practice; however, implementation barriers have limited their success in part because successful translation of exercise oncology research into practice requires context-specific implementation plans. The aim of this study was to employ the implementation mapping protocol to develop an implementation plan to support programming of a co-located exercise clinic and cancer treatment center.

New neurologic deficit and recovery rates in the treatment of complex pediatric spine deformities exceeding 100 degrees or treated by vertebral column resection (VCR).

Study Design: Prospective multicenter international observational study.

Objective: To investigate incidence of new neurologic deficit (NND) and the long-term recovery patterns following complex pediatric spine deformity surgery. The SRS M&M reports identify pediatric patients as having higher rate of new neurologic deficit compared with adults, while congenital and neuromuscular deformities are associated with higher new neurologic risks.

Clustering of Six Key Risk Behaviors for Chronic Disease among Adolescent Females.

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of disability and mortality globally. In Australia, females are at heightened risk. This research explored the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of six key risk behaviors (physical inactivity, poor diet, recreational screen time, inadequate sleep, alcohol use, and smoking) among adolescent females and whether knowledge of health guidelines was associated with adherence.

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation Is Different in Terms of Clinical Variant of Multiple Sclerosis.

This study evaluates whether the cardiac autonomic response to head-up tilt test (HUTT) differs between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and those with progressive MS (PMS) as compared to healthy controls (HC). Baroreflex sensitivity, cardiac parameters, heart rate (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) were compared between 28 RRMS, 21PMS and 25 HC during HUTT. At rest, PMS patients had higher values of the sympathovagal ratio, a low-frequency band HRV (LFnu-RRI) and lower values of parasympathetic parameters (HFnu-RRI, HF-RRI) compared to RRMS and HC.

Cerebrospinal fluid proteome evaluation in major depressive disorder by mass spectrometry.

Background: Depression affects approximately 7.1% of the United States population every year and has an annual economic burden of over $210 billion dollars. Several recent studies have sought to investigate the pathophysiology of depression utilizing focused cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum analysis.

Hydrogen isotopes reveal evidence of migration of Miniopterus schreibersii in Europe.

Background: The Schreiber's bat, Miniopterus schreibersii, is adapted to long-distance flight, yet long distance movements have only been recorded sporadically using capture-mark-recapture. In this study, we used the hydrogen isotopic composition of 208 wing and 335 fur specimens from across the species' European range to test the hypothesis that the species migrates over long distances.

Results: After obtaining the hydrogen isotopic composition (δH) of each sample, we performed geographic assignment tests by comparing the δH of samples with the δH of sampling sites.

Examining the Priorities, Needs and Preferences of Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Designing a Personalised eHealth Exercise Intervention.

Background: Few individuals with metastatic prostate cancer have access to prostate cancer-specific exercise support, despite demonstrated benefits. eHealth tools, such as websites, may be viable options for increasing access. To be effective and acceptable, future eHealth websites need to consider end-users' perspectives, capacity and needs.

Randomized Trial of 2 Self-Titrated Oral Appliances for Airway Management.

The effectiveness and predictability of 2 different oral appliance (OA) designs to reduce the respiratory event index (REI) in moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients requires elucidation. The primary aim of the trial was to determine if 2 widely used midline-traction and bilateral-thrust OA designs differ in effectiveness to reduce the REI within a single test population categorized by OSA severity. Moderate and severe adult OSA patients, who were previously prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) but were dissatisfied with it ( = 56), were studied by home-polygraphy in a randomized crossover trial using either midline-traction with restricted mouth opening (MR) or bilateral thrust with opening permitted (BP) design OAs.

Regulation of Kappa Opioid Receptor Inactivation Depends on Sex and Cellular Site of Antagonist Action.

The prototypical member of the receptor-inactivating kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists, norbinaltorphimine (norBNI), produces prolonged receptor inactivation by a cJun kinase mechanism. These antagonists have potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of stress disorders; however, additional preclinical characterization is necessary to understand important aspects of their action. In this study, we report that norBNI does not work as effectively in female mice as in males because of estrogen regulation of G protein receptor kinase (GRK); pretreatment of ovary-intact female mice with the selective GRK2/3 inhibitor, Compound 101, made females equally sensitive to norBNI as males.

Resistance Exercise Dosage in Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression.

Purpose: Resistance exercise improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer; however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen.

Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched.

Weight Loss in Underserved Patients - A Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Background: Evidence of the effectiveness of treatment for obesity delivered in primary care settings in underserved populations is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to test the effectiveness of a high-intensity, lifestyle-based program for obesity treatment delivered in primary care clinics in which a high percentage of the patients were from low-income populations. We randomly assigned 18 clinics to provide patients with either an intensive lifestyle intervention, which focused on reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity, or usual care.

Direct-from-sputum rapid phenotypic drug susceptibility test for mycobacteria.

Background: The spread of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a leading global public-health challenge. Because not all biological mechanisms of resistance are known, culture-based (phenotypic) drug-susceptibility testing (DST) provides important information that influences clinical decision-making. Current phenotypic tests typically require pre-culture to ensure bacterial loads are at a testable level (taking 2-4 weeks) followed by 10-14 days to confirm growth or lack thereof.