Oral toxicity and genotoxicity assessment of standardized (L.) extract and the pharmacokinetic profile of its active ingredient chicoric acid.

Unlabelled: (L.), a member of family, has traditionally been used in numerous countries to treat and prevent various immune-related diseases. This study confirmed the oral toxicity and genotoxicity profile of standardized extract under good laboratory practice (GLP) conditions and the pharmacokinetic features of chicoric acid, a major ingredient in extract.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Amoxicillin, Single and in Combination with Bromhexine, in Laying Hens.

The need for antibiotics in commercial laying hens is increasing owing to intensive farming systems. Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), an aminopenicillin β-lactam antibiotic, exerts broad bactericidal activity. However, its short half-life necessitates frequent administration to ensure efficacy, thus limiting its use.

Korean Red Ginseng alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through gut microbiota modulation in mice.

Background: There is a growing interest in understanding the association between the gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Natural compounds, such as Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), show promise for IBD treatment because of their ability to influence gut microbiota. This study explored the effects of KRG on gut microbiota modulation and subsequent intestinal epithelial cell regeneration in an experimental colitis model.

Turmeric extract alleviates airway inflammation via oxidative stress-driven MAPKs/MMPs pathway.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract (CLE) has been shown to elicit several pharmacological properties and is widely used in Asian traditional medicine. Herein, we assessed the impact of CLE on airway inflammation in BALB/c mice and A549 cells to clarify the underlying mechanism.

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of extract via regulation of gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic mice.

is a vining plant widely used as a traditional herbal remedy for various ailments. In this study, the therapeutic effects of extract (CQR-300) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated in a leptin receptor-mutated mouse model. CQR-300 was orally administered to mice (n = 6/group) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks.

The absence of thioredoxin-interacting protein in alveolar cells exacerbates asthma during obesity.

Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in obesity-induced asthma.

Franch. and Sav. Attenuates Respiratory Inflammation Caused by Asian Sand Dust.

Asian sand dust (ASD), generally produced in East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea, directly leads to the development of pulmonary disease and exacerbates underlying pulmonary diseases. Franch. and Sav.

Korean Red Ginseng suppresses emphysematous lesions induced by cigarette smoke condensate through inhibition of macrophage-driven apoptosis pathways.

Background: Cigarette smoke is generally accepted as a major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by emphysematous lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema.

Methods: Mice were instilled with 50 mg/kg of CSC intranasally once a week for 4 weeks, KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 4 weeks at doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg, and dexamethasone (DEX, positive control) was administered to the mice once daily for 2 weeks at 3 mg/kg.

The effects of Pycnogenol, a pine bark extract on pulmonary inflammation by Asian sand dust in mice.

Asian sand dust (ASD), also called China dust or yellow dust, mainly occurs in East Asia during spring and autumn. Because ASD enters the body mainly through the respiratory system, it can cause respiratory disorders or worsen underlying diseases. Because of this, it has become an important health concern that threatens the well-being of humans and animals.

Progesterone increases hepatic lipid content and plasma lipid levels through PR- B-mediated lipogenesis.

Progesterone (P4) is a crucial reproductive hormone that acts as a precursor for all other endogenous steroids. P4 modulates transcriptional activity during reproduction by binding to progesterone receptors (PR). However, the physiological role of P4 in the liver is understudied.

Korean red ginseng suppresses mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

Background: Skeletal muscle denervation leads to motor neuron degeneration, which in turn reduces muscle fiber volumes. Recent studies have revealed that apoptosis plays a role in regulating denervation-associated pathologic muscle wasting. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has various biological activities and is currently widely consumed as a medicinal product worldwide.

Green tea extract improves cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mouse spleen and enhances the immune activity of RAW 264.7 cells.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is mainly used to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer; however, it damages normal immune cells. Therefore, the effects of chemotherapy on CP are limited. Notably, green tea has been reported to effectively modulate immune function.

Oral bioavailability and egg drug residue of lincomycin in laying hens after different treatment.

Lincomycin (LCM) is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections in livestock and companion animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the oral bioavailability of LCM with PK data after IV and PO administration and to compare differences in drug residue patterns in eggs. To ensure food safety, an additional study on egg residue was conducted using 3 different commercial LCM drugs.

Pharmacokinetic profiles and egg residue patterns of levamisole in laying hens at two dosing rates and two routes of administration.

The levamisole maximum residue limit for edible fat, kidney, and muscle of chickens is 0.01 mg/kg. However, no maximum residue limit has been established for eggs.

Hepatic progesterone receptor membrane component 1 attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by reducing acetaldehyde production and oxidative stress.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is caused by excessive abuse of alcohol. One of the most representative causes of ALD is the action of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is a toxic material produced when alcohol is metabolized through some enzymes, and it causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tissue injury.

Integrated transcriptomic analysis of liver and kidney after 28 days of thioacetamide treatment in rats.

Unlabelled: Thioacetamide (TAA) was developed as a pesticide; however, it was soon found to cause hepatic and renal toxicity. To evaluate target organ interactions during hepatotoxicity, we compared gene expression profiles in the liver and kidney after TAA treatment. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated daily with oral TAA and then sacrificed, and their tissues were evaluated for acute toxicity (30 and 100 mg/kg bw/day), 7-day (15 and 50 mg/kg bw/day), and 4-week repeated-dose toxicity (10 and 30 mg/kg).

Dietary supplementation with nicotinamide riboside improves fetal growth under hypoglycemia.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is considered a super-supplement that prevents obesity and diabetes. While NR has been investigated for various effects depending on nutritional conditions, metabolic research on women and pregnant women has rarely been discussed. In this study, we focused on the glycemic control of NR in females and found the protective role of NR in pregnant animals under hypoglycemic conditions.

Green tea extract ameliorates macrophage-driven emphysematous lesions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke condensate.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important lung disease characterized by complicated symptoms including emphysema. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE) on cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema by demonstrating the reduction of macrophage-induced protease expression through GTE treatment in vivo and in vitro. Mice were intranasally administered 50 mg/kg CSC once a week for 4 weeks, and doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg GTE were administered orally once daily for 4 weeks.

Protective Effects of Chestnut () Inner Shell Extract in Macrophage-Driven Emphysematous Lesion Induced by Cigarette Smoke Condensate.

Chestnut () inner shell extract (CIE), a curative herb in Korea, has diverse pharmacological effects against various diseases including pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its molecular mechanisms of anti-emphysematous effects are still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we elucidate the efficacy of CIE against emphysematous lesion progression in a cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-instilled mice and CSC-stimulated H292 cell line.