Tweety-homolog () Family Encodes the Pore-forming Subunits of the Swelling-dependent Volume-regulated Anion Channel (VRAC) in the Brain.

In the brain, a reduction in extracellular osmolality causes water-influx and swelling, which subsequently triggers Cl- and osmolytes-efflux via volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). Although LRRC8 family has been recently proposed as the pore-forming VRAC which is activated by low cytoplasmic ionic strength but not by swelling, the molecular identity of the pore-forming swelling-dependent VRAC (VRAC) remains unclear. Here we identify and characterize Tweety-homologs (TTYH1, TTYH2, TTYH3) as the major VRAC in astrocytes.

Selective enrichment of cysteine-containing peptides using SPDP-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) nanoparticles: application to comprehensive proteomic profiling.

Superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) core-shell nanoparticles (ca. 30 nm diameter), which are surface-modified with a thiol-specific functional group, exhibit superb capturing efficiency toward cysteinyl peptides without contamination from nonspecifically interacting peptides, as clearly evidenced through LC/MS/MS analysis.