Pirfenidone improves voiding function by suppressing bladder fibrosis in underactive bladder rats.

Underactive bladder (UAB), characterized by a complex set of symptoms with few treatment options, can significantly reduce the quality of life of affected people. UAB is characterized by hyperplasia and fibrosis of the bladder wall as well as decreased bladder compliance. Pirfenidone is a powerful anti-fibrotic agent that inhibits the progression of fibrosis in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor of the Scrotum with Suspicious Invasion.

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor (WDPMT) is a distinct form of mesothelioma with low malignant potential and is mostly found in the peritoneal cavity. It consists of mesothelial cells with papillary structure and bland cytology. We report a rare case of WDPMT with suspicious invasive foci in the tunica vaginalis.

Efficacy of fosfomycin compared to second generation cephalosporin flumarin as antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a single center retrospective study.

Background: Fluoroquinolone has been the historic choice of antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy. However, increased fluoroquinolone resistance and recent restrictions of its use for antimicrobial prophylaxis has led to the emergence of alternative agents for antimicrobial prophylaxis for TRUS guided prostate biopsy including fosfomycin and cephalosporins. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of fosfomycin and a second-generation cephalosporin flumarin as alternative antimicrobials for TRUS-guided prostate biopsy in terms of the incidence of infectious complications after TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.

Application of Bipolar Cauterization During Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar cauterization for tract site bleeding during standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We defined tract site bleeding as when the visual field across the parenchymal tract starts to bleed while the sheath of a balloon dilator is being withdrawn just before the operation is completed. Among 181 patients, 90 patients showed no significant bleeding, and 91 patients required further procedures to resolve tract site bleeding.

Effect of the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, Dapagliflozin, on Genitourinary Infection in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on inflammatory cytokines of urogenital tissue in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to infer pharmaceutical influence of dapagliflozin on genitourinary infection or inflammation.

Methods: Study animals were divided into the following 4 groups of 10 animals each: (1) the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF)-DA group treated with dapagliflozin at 1.0 mg/kg/day, (2) the OLETF-VO group treated with voglibose at 0.

Sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infection in the elderly population of South Korea.

Purpose: To study the sexual behavior and status of sexually transmitted urethritis (STU) in the elderly population of South Korea.

Materials And Methods: Congregating places for elderly population, which were selected on the expected risk of sexually transmitted infections, were visited to study their sexual behavior, awareness on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and STU status using a specially developed survey and urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. In addition, analysis of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) database was done to study the nationwide status and trends of STU of the elderly population.

Is Absence of Hydronephrosis a Risk Factor for Bleeding in Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Purpose: There is conflict of evidence regarding whether absence of hydronephrosis is a risk factor for bleeding in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Moreover, among the stone complexity scoring system used for PNL (Guy's stone score, the S.T.

Change of Renal Parenchymal Width in Patients with Unilateral Ureteral Stent: A Bicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To determine whether kidney sizes were changed after ureteral stents were instilled, and if so, what parameters were significant.

Methods: Parenchymal width (PW) of 98 patients with unilateral ureteral stents was measured from the coronal view of CT scans for both stented and unstented contralateral kidney. The mean PW and % change of mean PW were calculated before stenting and at the time of last stent change.

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for Large (>7 cm) Solid Renal Tumors: Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes with the Transperitoneal Approach.

Purpose: To describe our technique for retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and to present the perioperative outcomes of our retroperitoneal LRN series for large (>7 cm) solid renal tumors and to compare them with those of the transperitoneal approach.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who had undergone LRN for a solid renal tumor greater than 7 cm in size on computed tomography (CT) scans between June 2008 and January 2016. Perioperative outcomes were compared between transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches.

Role of age and sex in determining antibiotic resistance in febrile urinary tract infections.

Objectives: To identify the age- and sex-specific antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in outpatient febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Korea.

Methods: A total 2262 consecutive samples collected from patients aged 1-101 years with febrile UTIs, during the period January 2012 to December 2014, were analyzed in this multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Results: The sensitivities to cefotaxime and cefoxitin were over 85% for females but under 75% for males.

Diagnosing Acute Pyelonephritis with CT, Tc-DMSA SPECT, and Doppler Ultrasound: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: With growing interest in early imaging, the aim of our study was to define the most practical modality for routine clinical use for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN). We compared the sensitivity of enhanced computerized tomography (CT), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy, and Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) by using clinical findings as the standard of reference.

Materials And Methods: A total of 207 APN patients (191 women, 16 men; mean age, 49.

Urolithiasis in patients suffering from malignant hematologic diseases.

Purpose: We performed this study in order to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of urolithiasis in patients with malignant hematologic diseases.

Materials And Methods: Nine hundred one patients who underwent medical treatment for malignant hematologic disease and 40,543 patients who visited the emergency room and without malignant hematologic diseases were included in our study. The patients with malignant hematologic diseases were divided into two groups depending on their primary treatment.