TransRAUNet: A Deep Neural Network with Reverse Attention Module Using HU Windowing Augmentation for Robust Liver Vessel Segmentation in Full Resolution of CT Images.

Liver cancer has a high mortality rate worldwide, and clinicians segment liver vessels in CT images before surgical procedures. However, liver vessels have a complex structure, and the segmentation process is conducted manually, so it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Consequently, it would be extremely useful to develop a deep learning-based automatic liver vessel segmentation method.

Loss of Kat2b impairs intraflagellar transport and the Hedgehog signaling pathway in primary cilia.

Primary cilia are sensory organelles that regulate various signaling pathways. When microtubules are compared to a highway, motor proteins carry and transport cargo proteins, which are tuned by post-translational modifications, such as acetylation. However, the role of acetylation in primary cilia regulation remains unclear.

VIM-AS1, which is regulated by CpG methylation, cooperates with IGF2BP1 to inhibit tumor aggressiveness via EPHA3 degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Early tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenging area, as the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. While microvascular invasion is linked to early recurrence, established biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication are lacking. In this study, our objective was to identify DNA methylation sites that can predict the outcomes of liver cancer patients and elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving HCC aggressiveness.

A perceived community typology in older Korean Americans: implications for mental health.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify a community typology in older Korean Americans and to examine how the typology is associated with feelings of loneliness and mental distress. We hypothesized that distinct community groups would be identified and that they would be differentially associated with mental health and background characteristics.

Method: Data were drawn from a survey with older Korean Americans aged 60 and older, collected during 2017-2018 in diverse locations ( = 2138).

Falls as a mental health risk among Korean-American residents in subsidized senior housing: mediating effect of fall-related self-efficacy.

Objectives: The study examined the mediating role of fall-related self-efficacy in the association between falls and mental health among older Korean Americans living in subsidized senior housing in the greater Los Angeles area. We focused on serious fall incidents (i.e.

Hypomethylation of ATP1A1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Cancer Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Dysregulated DNA methylation in cancer is critical in the transcription machinery associated with cancer progression. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, but no treatment targeting TNBC biomarkers has yet been developed. To identify specific DNA methylation patterns in TNBC, methyl-binding domain protein 2 (MBD) sequencing data were compared in TNBC and the three other major breast cancer subtypes.

Primary Cilium in Neural Crest Cells Crucial for Anterior Segment Development and Corneal Avascularity.

Purpose: Intraflagellar transport 46 (IFT46) is an integral subunit of the IFT-B complex, playing a key role in the assembly and maintenance of primary cilia responsible for transducing signaling pathways. Despite its predominant expression in the basal body of cilia, the precise role of Ift46 in ocular development remains undetermined. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of neural crest (NC)-specific deletion of Ift46 on ocular development.

Identification of signature gene set as highly accurate determination of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression.

Background/aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. MASLD encompasses both steatosis and MASH. Since MASH can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, steatosis and MASH must be distinguished during patient treatment.

Role of quorum sensing and quorum quenching in anaerobic digestion: A scoping review.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process that employs anaerobic microorganisms to degrade organic material, yielding biogas and biofertilizers. Understanding quorum sensing (QS) signaling in mixed microbial systems provides valuable insights into microbial behavior and functions. This review aims to examine recent studies on the roles of QS and QQ in the AD processes.

Long non-coding RNAs: key regulators of liver and kidney fibrogenesis.

Fibrosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by an abnormal buildup of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, in tissues. This condition affects various organs of the body, including the liver and kidney. Early diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis are crucial, as it is a progressive and irreversible process in both organs.

Transcriptional programming of pathogenic genes in polycystic kidney disease.

Transcriptional dysregulation is a prominent contributor to the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Lakhia et al. identified an enhancer landscape associated with disease genes and its pathologic role in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease to understand cyst formation.

KLC3 Regulates Ciliary Trafficking and Cyst Progression in CILK1 Deficiency-Related Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Background: Ciliogenesis-associated kinase 1 () is a ciliary gene that localizes in primary cilia and regulates ciliary transport. Mutations in cause various ciliopathies. However, the pathogenesis of CILK1-deficient kidney disease is unknown.

The Impact of Pharmacotherapy of Childhood-Onset Psychiatric Disorders on the Development of Substance Use Disorders.

Child- and adolescent-onset psychopathology is known to increase the risk for developing substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs). While pharmacotherapy is effective in treating pediatric psychiatric disorders, the impact of medication on the ultimate risk to develop SUDs in these youth remains unclear. We conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published on PubMed through November 2021, examining pharmacological treatments of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults and their effect on substance use, misuse, and use disorder development.

Reduced miR-371b-5p expression drives tumor progression via CSDE1/RAC1 regulation in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer; however, specific prognostic biomarkers have not yet been developed. In this study, we identified dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in TNBC by profiling miRNA and mRNA expression. In patients with TNBC, miR-371b-5p expression was reduced, and miR-371b-5p overexpression significantly mitigated TNBC cell growth, migration, and invasion.

Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring.

A considerable number of studies have reported that maternal protein restriction may disturb fetal growth and organ development due to a lower availability of amino acids. Leucine, one of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) promotes protein synthesis through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Here, we investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation in the dams fed a low-protein diet on serum and hepatic biochemical parameters of protein metabolism of dams and their offspring.

Reduced expression of TAZ inhibits primary cilium formation in renal glomeruli.

Renal primary cilia are antenna-like organelles that maintain cellular homeostasis via multiple receptors clustered along their membranes. Recent studies have revealed that YAP/TAZ, key paralogous effectors of the Hippo pathway, are involved in ciliogenesis; however, their independent roles need to be further investigated. Here, we analyzed the renal phenotypes of kidney-specific TAZ knockout mice and observed ciliary defects only in glomeruli where mild cysts were formed.

Autophagy inhibits cancer stemness in triple-negative breast cancer via miR-181a-mediated regulation of ATG5 and/or ATG2B.

Autophagy has a dual role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the precise relationship between autophagy and cancer stemness requires further investigation. In this study, it was found that luminal and triple-negative breast cancers require distinct therapeutic approaches because of their different amounts of autophagy flux. We identified that autophagy flux was inhibited in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) CSCs.

Three-dimensional microengineered vascularised endometrium-on-a-chip.

Study Question: Can we reconstitute physiologically relevant 3-dimensional (3D) microengineered endometrium in-vitro model?

Summary Answer: Our representative microengineered vascularised endometrium on-a-chip closely recapitulates the endometrial microenvironment that consists of three distinct layers including epithelial cells, stromal fibroblasts and endothelial cells in a 3D extracellular matrix in a spatiotemporal manner.

What Is Known Already: Organ-on-a-chip, a multi-channel 3D microfluidic cell culture system, is widely used to investigate physiologically relevant responses of organ systems.

Study Design, Size, Duration: The device consists of five microchannels that are arrayed in parallel and partitioned by array of micropost.

Epigenetic Upregulation of MAGE-A Isoforms Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Aggressiveness.

After decades-long efforts to diagnose and treat breast cancer, the management strategy that has proved most successful to date is molecular-subtype-specific inhibition of the hormone receptors and HER2 that are expressed by individual cancers. Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) proteins comprise >40 highly conserved members that contain the MAGE homology domain. They are often overexpressed in multiple cancers and contribute to cancer progression and metastasis.

CXCL12 enhances pregnancy outcome via improvement of endometrial receptivity in mice.

Successful pregnancy inevitably depends on the implantation of a competent embryo into a receptive endometrium. Although many substances have been suggested to improve the rate of embryo implantation targeting enhancement of endometrial receptivity, currently there rarely are effective evidence-based treatments to prevent or cure this condition. Here we strongly suggest minimally-invasive intra-uterine administration of embryo-secreted chemokine CXCL12 as an effective therapeutic intervention.

Effects of Dietary Vitamin B6 Restriction on Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Non-Obese and Obese Mice.

Although vitamin B6 is contained in various foods, its deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Furthermore, patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease are more likely to have suboptimal vitamin B6 status than healthy people. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary vitamin B6 restriction on hepatic gene expression and function in obese mice.

Autophagy induction promotes renal cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease.

Background: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves renal cysts arising from proliferating tubular cells. Autophagy has been recently suggested as a potential therapeutic target in PKD, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key negative regulator of autophagy. However, the effect of autophagy regulation on cystogenesis has not been elucidated in PKD mice.

Subependymal Giant-cell Astrocytoma Masquerading as Restrictive Eating Disorder and Depression in an Adolescent.

Recent studies have shown that psychiatric symptoms might be the only primary manifestation of central nervous system malignancy. As a result, clinicians might overlook a brain tumor diagnosis due to overlying psychiatric symptoms. We herein describe an adolescent female patient without tuberous sclerosis clinical features whose primary presentation for a subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma was restrictive eating disorder, urinary incontinence, and depression.

Perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: a study of Vietnamese women who migrated to South Korea due to marriage.

International migrants are one group that is vulnerable to discrimination and mental health problems. This study examined the experience of perceived discrimination and its impact on depressive symptoms among women who migrated in the specific context of marriage. Using social constructionism and the stress appraisal model, this study conceptualized perceived discrimination as a potential source of stress and hypothesized that it would negatively impact the mental health of migrant women.