Single and mixture exposure to atrazine and ciprofloxacin on Clarias gariepinus antioxidant defense status, hepatic condition and immune response.

Atrazine (ATRA) and ciprofloxacin (CPRO) are widely detected, persistent and co-existing aquatic pollutants. This study investigated effects of 14-day single and joint ATRA and CPRO exposure on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Standard bioassay methods were used to determine responses of oxidative stress, hepatic condition, and immunological biomarkers on days 7 and 14.

Distribution and ecological risk assessment of herbicide residues in water, sediment and fish from Anyim River, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

The presence of herbicide residues in water, sediment and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Anyim River was investigated bimonthly from November, 2017 to September 2019. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pollution status of the river and the associated health hazard. The herbicides investigated were glyphosate-based and included sarosate, paraquat, clear weed, delsate and roundup.

studies on the biochemical indices of infected mice treated with leaf and root extracts.

Background: A study on the biochemical indices of albino mice infected with and treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts was undertaken.

Methods: 216 males mice were randomly assigned to six treatment groups each containing six mice for both aqueous and ethanolic extracts experiments. NK-65 was inoculated into the mice intraperitoneally and establishment of infection confirmed.

Status of Onchocerca volvulus infection and transmission by blackflies after 15 years of ivermectin distribution at Adani, Nigeria.

The nuisance bites of blackflies and transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, which causes onchocerciasis, constitutes a threat to public health and an impediment to food production in rural and riverine communities in Nigeria. The entomological profile of onchocerciasis at Adani, Nigeria, was investigated from August 2010 to January 2011 to determine the transmission of O. volvulus after 15 years of ivermectin distribution in the area.

Maternal vitamin A supplementation delays time to first episode of parasitaemia and reduces malaria parasite densities among infants in rural communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

The study was a randomized mother -infant dyad placebo controlled field trial that evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin A supplementation on time to first episode of parasitaemia and on malaria parasite densities among infants in three rural communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-two (152) pregnant women with pregnancies that had mature to at least six (6) months were equally randomized into supplemented and placebo groups. Ten thousand international unit (10,000 IU) of vitamin A supplement was administered three (3) times per week to women of the supplemented group while placebo was given to the control group at equal frequencies.

Improved infant hemoglobin (Hb) and blood glucose concentrations: The beneficial effect of maternal vitamin A supplementation of malaria-infected mothers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

One hundred and fifty-two malaria-infected pregnant women whose pregnancies had advanced to the 6th month were randomised into two study groups - supplemented and placebo groups, after obtaining their approved consents. Ten thousand international units of vitamin A soft gels were administered to the supplemented group three times per week. Vitamin A soft gels devoid of their active ingredients were administered thrice weekly to the placebo group.

Wuchereria bancrofti infection in rural tropical guinea savannah communities: Rapid epidemiological assessment using immunochromatographic card test and prevalence of hydrocoele.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by the nematode Wuchereria bancrofti is a major public health concern in endemic communities worldwide. Among tropical diseases it is second to malaria in terms of disability adjusted life years. The Nigerian LF elimination programme has been slated for 2015.

Effects of climatic conditions on the biting density and relative abundance of Simulium damnosum complex in a rural Nigerian farm settlement.

Introduction And Objective: The effect of climatic conditions on the biting density and relative abundance of Simulium damnosum complex at Adani, Nigeria, from August 2010-January 2011 was investigated.

Materials And Methods: The classical method of collecting blackflies for a period of 11 hours using human attractants was employed in the study. Monthly climatic data, such as rainfall, relative humidity and temperature were collected for the period of study.

Prevalence and transmission dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a rural community of southwestern Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

A twelve-month epidemio-ecological study on the prevalence, infection intensity, water contact and vector aspects of urinary schistosomiasis was conducted in a rural community of south-west Ebonyi State, Nigeria, using standard procedures, and involving 894 individuals (527, 58.9% males; and 367, 41.1% females).

Effects of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MACF) (Rutaceae) peel oil against developmental stages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Laboratory bioassay of the essential oil extracted from the grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel by steam distillation was carried out against the developmental stages of the yellow fever vector Aedes aegypti to evaluate its toxicity, and ovicidal and larvicidal potency. Volatile oil components isolated and characterized by coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included varying levels of monoterpene aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. Test results of the essential oil showed that egg hatching was completely inhibited at 400 ppm, while further development of 1st to 2nd larval stage was inhibited at 100 ppm.

Rapid epidemiological assessment of onchocerciasis in a tropical semi-urban community, enugu state, Nigeria.

Background: This study was carried out in Opi-Agu a tropical semi-urban autonomous community comprising of three villages in Enugu State, Nigeria, between the months of April and June 2010. It was designed to determine the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection and assess the perception of the disease among the inhabitants of this community.

Methods: A total number of 305 individuals comprising of 148 males and 157 females were examined for various manifestations of onchocerciasis symptoms using rapid epidemiological assessment (REA) method.

Urinary schistosomiasis among pregnant women in some endemic tropical semi - urban communities of Anambra State, Nigeria.

Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by the deposition of eggs by adult flukes in the blood vessels surrounding the bladder of the infected host. Schistosomiasis is ranked the second most important parasitic disease of man and undoubtedly the most important of helminth origin. This paper reports the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among pregnant women in some endemic tropical semi - urban communities of Anambra State, Nigeria, screened using Medi-Test Combi 9 and urine centrifugation methods.

First Record of Co - infection of Three Clinostomatid Parasites in Cichlids (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) in a Tropical Freshwater Lake.

The present study investigated the effects of first record of co-infection of three Clinostomum sp.; Clinostomum Complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819), C. tilapiae (Ukoli, 1966), and Euclinostomum hetereostomum (1809) in Tilapia zilii.

The fish fauna of Anambra river basin, Nigeria: species abundance and morphometry.

The fish yields of most Nigeria inland waters are generally on the decline for causes that may range from inadequate management of the fisheries to degradation of the water bodies. Sustainable exploitation requires knowledge of the ichthyofaunal composition in the water bodies. We did a survey of fish species in Anambra river basin for 22 months.

Malaria control and treatment strategies among school children in semi-urban tropical communities.

Background: Plasmodium infections among school children in Igbo-Eze South Local Government of Enugu State, Nigeria, were studied between July and December 2005. The relationship between the use of malaria control measures and the prevalence of Plasmodium infections was investigated.

Methods: Blood smears were obtained from 1296 school children (ages 4-15 years) from six schools randomly sampled from the study area.