Analgesic effect of intra-articularly administered morphine, dexmedetomidine, or a morphine-dexmedetomidine combination immediately following stifle joint surgery in dogs.

Objective: To compare the analgesic effects of intra-articularly administered saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, morphine, dexmedetomidine, and a morphine-dexmedetomidine combination in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Design: Randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Topographic scale-range synergy at the functional bone/implant interface.

We sought to explore the biological mechanisms by which endosseous implant surface topography contributes to bone anchorage. To address this experimentally, we implanted five groups of custom-made commercially pure titanium implants of varying surface topographical complexity in rat femora for 9 days; subjected them to mechanical testing; and then examined the interfacial bone matrix by electron microscopy. The five implant surfaces were prepared by combinations of dual acid etching and grit blasting the titanium substrates and, in some cases, modifying the created surfaces with the deposition of nanocrystals of calcium phosphate, which resulted in 10 samples per group.

Effects of carprofen and morphine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs.

The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs was determined following carprofen (2.2 mg/kg per os) alone, morphine (1 mg/kg intravenously) alone, carprofen and morphine, and no drug control in eight healthy adult dogs. Isoflurane MAC following administration of morphine alone (0.

Evaluation of two methods of endotracheal tube selection in dogs.

This study evaluated two methods of endotracheal tube selection using 28 fresh canine carcasses of various ages, weights, and genders. The two selection methods were 1) nasal septal width pairing with outer diameter of an endotracheal tube, and 2) digital palpation of the tracheal outer diameter to determine the endotracheal tube size. All dogs were dolichocephalic breeds.

Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine following the application of 5% lidocaine patches to cats.

Lidocaine patches have been used to provide local analgesia in dogs and cats. We conducted this study to assess the systemic and local absorption of lidocaine from topical patches in cats. Eight 2-year-old cats received either intravenous lidocaine at 2 mg/kg or one 700 mg lidocaine patch placed on the lateral thorax for 72 h, in a cross-over randomized repeated measures design.

Effect of orally administered tramadol alone or with an intravenously administered opioid on minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in cats.

OBJECTIVE-To compare the effect of oral administration of tramadol alone and with IV administration of butorphanol or hydromorphone on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in cats. DESIGN-Crossover study. ANIMALS-8 Healthy 3-year-old cats.

Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine following intravenous and oral transmucosal administration in dogs.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of buprenorphine administered to six healthy dogs via the oral transmucosal (OTM) route at doses of 20 and 120 microg/kg was conducted using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Bioavailability was 38% plus or minus 12% for the 20 microg/kg dose and 47%+/-16% for the 120 microg/kg dose. Maximum plasma concentrations were similar for buprenorphine doses of 20 microg/kg IV and 120 microg/kg OTM.

A comparison of two combinations of xylazine-ketamine administered intramuscularly to alpacas and of reversal with tolazoline.

Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular (IM) xylazine/ketamine in alpacas, and to determine if tolazoline would reduce the anesthetic recovery time.

Study Design: Prospective randomized crossover study.

Animals: Six castrated male alpacas.

Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine in dogs.

This study compared anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol (TT), tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine (TTD), and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine with atipamezole reversal 1 hour after TTD administration in dogs. All dogs received glycopyrrolate. All drug combinations effectively induced anesthesia within 5 minutes after IM injection.

Oxygenation in medetomidine-sedated dogs with and without 100% oxygen insufflation.

Oxygenation status was evaluated in medetomidine-sedated dogs breathing room air (M) or 100 percent oxygen (MO2). Medetomidine (40 microg/kg IV) administration resulted in peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased venous saturation as measured by an increased oxygen extraction ratio in peripheral tissues. Providing 100 percent oxygen insufflation via face mask reduced desaturation by increasing oxygen content but did not prevent vasoconstriction or reduce the oxygen extraction ratio in peripheral tissues.

Effects of intravenous diazepam or microdose medetomidine on propofol-induced sedation in dogs.

This crossover study tested the hypothesis that both diazepam and microdose medetomidine would comparably reduce the amount of propofol required to induce sedation. Four different medications, namely high-dose diazepam (0.4 mg/kg intravenously [IV]), low-dose diazepam (0.

Anesthetic indices of sevoflurane and isoflurane in unpremedicated dogs.

Objective: To compare the anesthetic index of sevoflurane with that of isoflurane in unpremedicated dogs.

Design: Randomized complete-block crossover design.

Animals: 8 healthy adult dogs.

A comparison of two intramuscular doses of xylazine-ketamine combination and tolazoline reversal in llamas.

Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular xylazine/ketamine in llamas, and to determine if an intramuscular injection of tolazoline would shorten the anesthesia recovery time.

Study Design: Prospective randomized study.

Animals: Six castrated male llamas.

Determination of time of onset and location of early skeletal lesions in young dogs experimentally infected with Hepatozoon americanum using bone scintigraphy.

Canine hepatozoonosis caused by Hepatozoon americanum has periosteal proliferation on long bones, pelvis, vertebrae, and skull. The pathogenesis of the periosteal proliferation is unknown but may be similar to hypertrophic osteopathy. Objectives were to determine the time frame for onset of bone lesions, to characterize spatial distribution of early bone lesions, and to describe the scintigraphic appearance of bone lesions in six immature dogs infected with 400 H.

Evaluation of medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia with atipamezole reversal in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis).

Sixteen captive and wild-caught American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), seven juveniles (< or = 1 m total length [TL]; 6.75 +/- 1.02 kg), and nine adults (> or = 2 m TL; 36.