Factors Associated with Retinal Microvasculature Dropout Induced by Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors related to decrease in vessel density (VD) observed in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), due to acute increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) by an ophthalmodynamometer (OPD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 42 eyes of participants (22 Controls and 20 POAG patients) that underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) to assess VD in the peripapillary region in three examination sets: primary gaze position (1), 25-degree adduction (2) and 25-degree adduction with OPD compression (3). Individual relationships between IOP levels and changes in the superficial complex VD were evaluated after image processing and exclusion of large retinal vessels.

Topical anti-glaucoma medications effects on meibomian glands: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction and glaucoma are very prevalent ocular conditions that significantly impact patients' quality of life. A growing number of clinical and experimental studies have reported an association between the use of topical eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure and the development or exacerbation of MG dysfunction. Studies investigating the impact of glaucoma eyedrops on MG diagnostic parameters have shown variable results, particularly regarding the morphology and function of MG and tear film instability.

Glaucoma drainage devices in children: an updated review.

Implantation of glaucoma drainage devices is a valuable therapeutic option, particularly in children with glaucoma refractory to primary surgical treatment. Glaucoma drainage devices are typically used when conjunctival scarring hampers filtration surgery or prior angle procedures are not effective in controlling intraocular pressure. Despite known complications, the use of glaucoma drainage devices in children has increased in recent years, even as the primary surgical option.

Saccadic movements during an exploratory visual search task in patients with glaucomatous visual field loss.

Purpose: To evaluate the saccadic movements of patients with visual field loss due to primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: Thirteen patients with good visual acuity (0.2 logMAR or better) (seven patients with primary open-angle glaucoma 65 ± 13 years) and six controls (51 ± 6 years) yielded a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including Humphrey Visual Field tests (SITA-Standard 24-2), and performed a monocular, exploratory digital visual search task that quantifies the duration for finding the number "4" on a random array of digits distributed on the screen.

Angle-closure glaucoma associated with vitreous prolapse after neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminumgarnet laser posterior capsulotomy.

Capsulotomy with neodymium-doped yttriumaluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is an effective treatment for posterior capsule opacification following cataract surgery. A wide opening of the posterior capsule associated with the ruptured anterior hyaloid can cause anterior chamber vitreous prolapse. Two patients who developed angle-closure glaucoma associated with vitreous prolapse following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were successfully treated with antiglaucoma medication and peripheral iridotomies.

What is the Optimal Frequency of Visual Field Testing to Detect Rapid Progression Among Hypertensive Eyes?

Prcis: We evaluated 16,351 visual field (VF) tests from Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) database and showed that more frequent testing resulted in a shorter time to detect glaucoma progression, with the best trade-off being the 6-month intervals for high-risk and 12 months for low-risk patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different testing intervals on time to detect visual field progression in eyes with ocular hypertension.

Methods: A total of 16,351 reliable 30-2 VF tests from 1575 eyes of the OHTS-1 observation arm with a mean (95% CI) follow-up of 4.

Minimum Rim Width and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness for Diagnosing Early to Moderate Glaucoma.

Prcis: In a cross-sectional study from a Brazilian multiracial population, minimum rim width (MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements from OCT showed comparable diagnostic performance in discriminating early to moderate glaucoma from healthy eyes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of MRW and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) measurements in discriminating early to moderate glaucoma from healthy eyes in a Brazilian population.

Methods: A total of 155 healthy controls and 118 patients with mild to moderate glaucoma (mean deviation >-12 dB) underwent MRW and RNFLT measurements with optical coherence tomography.

Frequency of Optical Coherence Tomography Testing to Detect Progression in Glaucoma.

Prcis: With high specificity and less variability than perimetry, more frequent testing resulted in shorter time to detect progression, though a 6-month testing interval provides a reasonable trade-off for following glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Purpose: To investigate the time to detect progression in glaucomatous eyes using different OCT test intervals.

Materials And Methods: Participants with manifest glaucoma from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES), a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, were included.

Comparison of the short-term results of nasal and temporal 180° selective laser trabeculoplasties for open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: The nasal sector of the anterior chamber angle may present a higher density of collector channels, which may influence the results of angle surgeries. Considering the anatomical differences in the anterior chamber angle, we compared the results of the nasal and temporal 180° selective laser trabeculoplasty approaches for open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with open-angle glaucoma (primary, pseudoexfoliation, and pigmentary) who underwent at least one 180° selective laser trabeculoplasty session between December 2016 and October 2018.

Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression in the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): Eleven Years of Follow-up.

Purpose: To compare the rates of visual field (VF) progression between individuals of Black and White race and to investigate whether treatment effects may help explain differences previously reported between racial groups.

Design: Multicenter prospective observational cohort study.

Methods: Participants were patients in referral tertiary care glaucoma clinics with open angle glaucoma.

Primary glaucomas in adults: Epidemiology and public health-A review.

Glaucoma is a mixed group of optic neuropathies that lead to irreversible visual field loss and blindness if left untreated. It is estimated that 3.5% of the global population aged 40 to 80 years have any glaucoma, being the primary open-angle and the primary angle-closure glaucoma the most prevalent forms.

Radiotherapy for the treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The management of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas (ONSM) has suffered a significant shift due to new radiation techniques. However, there is no conclusive information on which approach presents better results in the literature. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the outcomes of different radiotherapy (RT) modalities in the management of ONSM.

Clinical validation of a smartphone-based handheld fundus camera for the evaluation of optic nerve head.

Purpose: To compare the quality of retinal images captured with a smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera with that of retinal images captured with a commercial fundus camera and to analyze their agreement in determining the cup-to-disc ratio for a cohort of ophthalmological patients.

Methods: A total of 50 patients from a secondary ophthalmic outpatient service center underwent a bilateral fundus examination under mydriasis with a smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera and with a commercial fundus camera (4 images/patient by each). Two experienced ophthalmologists evaluated all the fundus images and graded them on the Likert 1-5 scale for quality.

Variability and Power to Detect Progression of Different Visual Field Patterns.

Purpose: To compare the variability and ability to detect visual field (VF) progression of 24-2, central 12 locations of the 24-2 and 10-2 VF tests in eyes with abnormal VFs.

Design: Retrospective, multisite cohort.

Participants: A total of 52 806 24-2 and 11 966 10-2 VF tests from 7307 eyes from the Glaucoma Research Network database were analyzed.

Acute angle closure triggered by oral benzodiazepines.

Benzodiazepines are psychoactive drugs that are prescribed worldwide with limited information on their ocular side effects. Acute angle closure glaucoma is an adverse event with a high risk of blinding, especially in the elderly. We report two patients under 45 years old who presented with bilateral acute angle closure secondary to use of two long half-life benzodiazepines (clonazepam and alprazolam).

Frequency and visual outcomes of ocular toxoplasmosis in an adult Brazilian population.

Although ocular toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of posterior uveitis worldwide, there is scarce information about the real-life frequency of ocular lesions, visual outcomes, and risk factors for poor prognosis. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study with 721 adults living in Cássia dos Coqueiros, Southeast Brazil, consisted of visual acuity measurement, dilated ocular examination, a risk-factor questionnaire, and peripheral blood collection for anti-T. gondii serology.

Retinal function after intravitreal injection of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in advanced glaucoma.

Purpose: To report electroretinographic (ERG) findings in advanced glaucoma treated with a single intravitreal injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods: Intravitreal injection of autologous MSCs (1 × 10 cells) was performed in 2 eyes from 2 patients with open-angle glaucoma in advanced stage of optic neuropathy (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02330978, 01.

Relationship between mean follow-up intraocular pressure, rates of visual field progression and current target intraocular pressure guidelines.

Aims: To investigate if eyes presenting intraocular pressure (IOP) within the limits of current guideline-driven target IOP indeed experience slow rates of glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression.

Methods: A total of 8598 24-2 VF tests from 603 eyes from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study with manifest glaucoma were included. The sample was split into three groups based on baseline VF mean deviation (MD): G1 (better than -5.

Aqueous humor renin, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II activity in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: The renin-angiotensin system is involved in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic conditions and glaucoma. Our objective was to evaluate the renin, angiotensinconverting enzyme 1, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activities in aqueous humor and blood samples of patients with and without primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: We analyzed samples from 56 participants who underwent ocular surgeries.

Anti-fibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid on Tenon's capsule fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β: therapeutic potential in ocular surgery.

Purpose: Collagen deposition and myofibroblast differentiation are critical factors related to excessive scarring in ocular surgeries. This study evaluated the anti-fibrotic activity of rosmarinic acid on rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor- β2.

Methods: Primary cultures of rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of rosmarinic acid for 12 h, in the presence and absence of transforming growth factor-β2.

Disc-fovea Angle Is Associated With Visual Field Defect Location in Patients With Glaucoma.

Precis: The current study showed that glaucomatous eyes from patients with central visual field defects presented less negative disc-fovea angle compared with patients with peripheral defects.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between disc-fovea angle and visual field defect location in patients with glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including glaucoma patients divided into isolated central and isolated peripheral scotoma groups.

Fixed-combination Bimatoprost/Brimonidine/Timolol in Glaucoma: A Randomized, Masked, Controlled, Phase III Study Conducted in Brazil.

Purpose: Many patients with open-angle glaucoma eventually require >2 medications to lower their intraocular pressure (IOP). Fixed-combination ophthalmic solutions can be advantageous in patients who require multiple medications, but the number of fixed combinations combining 3 complementary IOP-lowering agents remains limited. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of a triple fixed combination (TFC) of bimatoprost 0.