Publications by authors named "Jayne A Franklyn"
Context: The currently applied reference ranges for thyroid function are under debate. Despite evidence that thyroid function within the reference range is related with several cardiovascular disorders, its association with the risk of stroke has not been evaluated previously.
Design And Setting: We identified studies through a systematic literature search and the Thyroid Studies Collaboration, a collaboration of prospective cohort studies.
Article Synopsis
- - Some experts propose that higher serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels should be seen as abnormal, potentially categorizing more people as having mild hypothyroidism, and these elevated levels may be linked to a higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) despite limited documented dangers.
- - The study analyzed data from 14 cohorts, involving over 55,000 individuals without existing thyroid or heart disease, to explore the connection between thyroid function (measured by TSH levels) and CHD risk over a follow-up period of up to 20 years.
- - Results showed that while 3.3% of participants died from CHD, higher TSH levels didn't significantly increase the risk of CHD mortality or
Objective: The objective was to determine the risk of stroke associated with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Data Sources And Study Selection: Published prospective cohort studies were identified through a systematic search through November 2013 without restrictions in several databases. Unpublished studies were identified through the Thyroid Studies Collaboration.
The PTTG1-binding factor (PBF) is a transforming gene capable of eliciting tumor formation in xenograft models. However, the precise role of PBF in tumorigenesis and its prognostic value as a cancer biomarker remain largely uncharacterised, particularly in malignancies outside the thyroid. Here, we provide the first evidence that PBF represents a promising prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Viral/bacterial infection is proposed as a trigger for the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD): Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Previous studies in European Caucasian AITD subjects found higher birth rates in the autumn/winter, suggesting those born in the autumn/winter experience increased viral/bacterial exposure after birth, impacting upon immune system development and predisposing to AITD later in life.
Objective: Month of birth effects were investigated in three independent European Caucasian AITD datasets.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates whether papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is a single disease or multiple entities by comparing outcomes and characteristics of incidental vs. nonincidental PTMC.
- The analysis included 17 studies with over 3,500 subjects and found that incidental PTMC had a significantly lower recurrence rate (0.5%) compared to nonincidental PTMC (7.9%).
- The findings indicate that incidental and nonincidental PTMC may require different treatment approaches due to their differing clinical behaviors and prognoses.
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are common, affecting 2-5% of the general population. Individuals with positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) have an increased risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), as well as autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). As the possible causative genes of TPOAbs and AITD remain largely unknown, we performed GWAS meta-analyses in 18,297 individuals for TPOAb-positivity (1769 TPOAb-positives and 16,528 TPOAb-negatives) and in 12,353 individuals for TPOAb serum levels, with replication in 8,990 individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe PTTG1-binding factor (PBF/PTTG1IP) has an emerging repertoire of roles, especially in thyroid biology, and functions as a protooncogene. High PBF expression is independently associated with poor prognosis and lower disease-specific survival in human thyroid cancer. However, the precise role of PBF in thyroid tumorigenesis is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study focuses on the role of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) in neurodevelopment, highlighting its significance by showing severe neurological issues in individuals with MCT8 mutations.
- It examines how intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), often due to uteroplacental failure, can lead to reduced thyroid hormone (TH) action and neurodevelopmental deficits in fetuses.
- The research found that IUGR fetuses had a significant reduction in MCT8 expression in the cortical plate, suggesting that lower MCT8 levels may further hinder TH-dependent brain development in this condition.
Context: A number of small data sets have suggested a potential role for skewed X chromosome activation (XCI), away from the expected 50:50 parent of origin ratio, as an explanation for the strong female preponderance seen in the common autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), Graves' disease (GD), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).
Objective: The objective of the study was to confirm a role for XCI skewing as a potential explanation for the strong female preponderance seen in AITD.
Design: The design of the study was to screen XCI in the largest GD, HT, and control case-control cohort and family cohort to date and undertake a meta-analysis of previous AITD XCI reports.
Background: The Internet is a vital source of information for patients hoping to learn more about their disease. Health literacy of the general population is known to be poor, with the U.S.
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- The human pituitary tumor transforming gene (hPTTG) is a proto-oncogene linked to tumor growth, regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDC2) and specificity protein 1 (SP1).
- *In thyroid cells, growth factors like EGF, TGFα, and IGF-1 boost hPTTG expression and phosphorylation, activating key signaling pathways independently of CDC2 and SP1.
- *Transgenic and knockout mouse models showed that hPTTG influences thyroid cell growth and signaling, suggesting its significant role in promoting cell transformation and growth through autocrine mechanisms.
Article Synopsis
- Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is crucial for thyroid hormone transport, and mutations can lead to severe developmental issues in humans while being active in the placenta throughout pregnancy.
- Research found that reducing MCT8 levels decreased thyroid hormone uptake in trophoblast cells, while increasing MCT8 boosted uptake and enhanced cell invasion, but also reduced cell viability.
- In mice lacking MCT8, there were slight changes in fetal and placental weights but no major effects on cell growth, suggesting a role for MCT8 in trophoblast function and placental development.
Context: Hyperthyroidism is common, but opinions regarding optimal therapy with antithyroid drugs or radioiodine (131-I) differ. There are no randomized trials comparing these options in terms of mortality.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether mortality associated with hyperthyroidism varies with treatment administered or other factors.
Childhood weight gain and thyroid autoimmunity at age 60-64 years: the 1946 British birth cohort study.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
April 2013
Background: Complex bidirectional relationships have been described between body weight, thyroid function, and risk of thyroid disorders, including thyroid autoimmunity. We used a life-course approach to examine the potential association of childhood or adult body weight with the risk of thyroid autoimmunity and other thyroid disorders at age 60-64 years in a large population-based birth cohort study.
Methods: In the UK Medical Research Council 1946 British Birth Cohort study, at age 60-64 years, 1277 women and 1185 men (78% of the target sample) responded to a postal questionnaire, which included questions on thyroid disease and thyroid medication.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines how serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels relate to free thyroxine (T4) levels in older adults, specifically those aged 65 and above, highlighting that this relationship is more complex than previously believed.* -
- Researchers found that the relationship between TSH and T4 is not linear but follows a fourth-order polynomial pattern, indicating a need for more advanced modeling in thyroid research.* -
- Factors such as gender and smoking status were shown to influence the TSH and T4 relationship, suggesting that individual characteristics play a significant role in thyroid function.*
Article Synopsis
- Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which includes conditions like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is a common immune-mediated disorder.
- Researchers used a specialized SNP array called the ImmunoChip to study genetic factors linked to AITD, analyzing over 100,000 SNPs among patients and controls.
- Their findings revealed seven new risk loci associated with AITD, contributing to the understanding of genetic influences on these autoimmune diseases.
The thyroid--too much and too little across the ages. The consequences of subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
January 2013
Article Synopsis
- * It consists of subclinical hyperthyroidism (low TSH with normal T4 and T3) and subclinical hypothyroidism (high TSH with normal T4), which don't always indicate serious thyroid issues.
- * There's ongoing debate about the significance and treatment of mild thyroid abnormalities, with recent studies improving understanding of their epidemiology and health impacts.
Context: Evidence-based clinical guidelines in endocrinology attempt to improve and standardize patient care. There has been an expansion in guideline production although some of the heterogeneous methods used to assess the quality of the underlying evidence base might limit interpretation and implementation.
Design: Current and archived guidelines from major endocrine organizations were accessed.
Background: It is not known whether low-dose radioiodine (1.1 GBq [30 mCi]) is as effective as high-dose radioiodine (3.7 GBq [100 mCi]) for treating patients with differentiated thyroid cancer or whether the effects of radioiodine (especially at a low dose) are influenced by using either recombinant human thyrotropin (thyrotropin alfa) or thyroid hormone withdrawal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Data from prospective cohort studies regarding the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting.We aimed to assess the risks of total and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, CHD events, and atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism among all available large prospective cohorts.
Methods: Individual data on 52 674 participants were pooled from 10 cohorts.
Thyrotoxicosis is a common disorder, especially in women. The most frequent cause is Graves' disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism). Other important causes include toxic nodular hyperthyroidism, due to the presence of one or more autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, and thyroiditis caused by inflammation, which results in release of stored hormones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe frequency distribution of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) shows a skewed pattern that may change with age. The set point of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis for an individual is thought to be genetically determined and has been described as a log-linear relationship of serum TSH to free thyroxine (T4); however, the validity of this hypothesis has yet to be established in older people. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between serum TSH and free T4 in older people and define factors influencing this relationship.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- PBF (PTTG-binding factor) is a proto-oncogene linked to breast and thyroid tumors, and researchers created a mouse model to study its effects specifically in the thyroid gland.
- In PBF-Tg mice, the thyroid gland enlarged significantly with hyperplastic and macrofollicular lesions, while crucial genes for radioiodine therapy showed reduced expression.
- The study also found that increasing PBF levels corresponded with cell proliferation in both mice and human thyroid tissue, highlighting PBF’s role in thyroid disorders and its potential impact on treatment effectiveness.