IQ in high school as a predictor of midlife alcohol drinking patterns.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between adolescent IQ and midlife alcohol use and to explore possible mediators of this relationship.

Methods: Study data were from 6300 men and women who participated in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of high-school students graduating in 1957. IQ scores were collected during the participants' junior year of high school.

The relationship between alcohol consumption and amygdala volume in a community-based sample.

Most prior studies have reported decreased amygdala volume in those with a history of alcohol use disorder. Decreased amygdala volume associated with alcohol use disorder may be related to an increased risk of addiction and relapse. However, the relationship between amygdala volume and a broad range of alcohol consumption is largely unexplored.

The dynamic buffering of social support on depressive symptoms and cancer worries in patients seeking cancer genetic counseling.

Purpose: Social support is a crucial protective factor against psychological concerns in patients with cancer. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the differential impacts of social support on cancer worries and depressive symptoms in patients undergoing genetic counseling for hereditary cancer. The current study utilized a high-volume database from a multi-site cancer genetics clinic to assess the impact of perceived social support on depressive symptoms and cancer worries among patients of different age groups (young versus older patients) and diagnosis status (diagnosed survivors versus undiagnosed).

Severe Multiple Drug Intolerance Syndrome in Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Multiple drug intolerance syndrome (MDIS) describes patients with multiple nonimmunologically mediated adverse reactions to medications. Patients with more than 10 medication intolerance labels are considered to have severe MDIS. There is overlap in the characteristics of patients with MDIS and fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The efficacy of citalopram or escitalopram in patients with asthma and major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder is common in people with asthma. Yet, few studies have evaluated depression treatment in those with asthma.

Objective: To explore the relationship between antidepressant use, depressive symptoms, and asthma control, pooled data from 3 randomized trials of either citalopram or escitalopram were assessed.

Diminished Adaptation, Satisfaction, and Neural Responses to Advantageous Social Signals in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Background: Development and recurrence of 2 eating disorders (EDs), anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are frequently associated with environmental stressors. Neurobehavioral responses to social learning signals were evaluated in both EDs.

Methods: Women with anorexia nervosa (n = 25), women with bulimia nervosa (n = 30), or healthy comparison women (n = 38) played a neuroeconomic game in which the norm shifted, generating social learning signals (norm prediction errors [NPEs]) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.

Link between depression and bone mineral density in Cooper Center Longitudinal Study: Indirect effects of vitamin D, inflammation, and physical activity.

Background: To examine the effect of depressive symptom severity on bone mineral density (BMD) and the potential mediators of the relationship.

Method: This study used data from n = 7273 participants in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas. Participants were included if they had data for all study variables, including left and right femoral neck (BMD), age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, antidepressant (SSRI/SNRI) use, standard alcoholic drinks consumed per week, and depressive symptom severity as measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CESD)-10.

Association of serotonin reuptake inhibitors with asthma control.

Clinical trials demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) can improve asthma control in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and that this effect may be greater than the effect of SSRIs on depression. These findings suggest that SSRIs may improve asthma control in patients without MDD. The current retrospective study examined the effect of SSRIs and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) on asthma control in adult patients.

The cross-sectional relationship among omega-3 fatty acid levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, and depressive symptoms from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are implicated in numerous illnesses including depression. The literature is mixed regarding the relationship between n-3 PUFA levels and depression, and studies based on self-reported dietary n-3 PUFA intake may not accurately reflect in vivo levels.

Method: The current cross-sectional analysis examined the relationship between erythrocyte levels (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CESD), adjusting for health-related factors and omega-3 supplement use in 16,398 adults assessed at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas for preventative medical examinations between April 6, 2009, and September 1, 2020.

The Relationship Between Coronary Artery Calcification and Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Hippocampal Volume: An Analysis From the Dallas Heart Study.

Background: Higher rates of dementia are reported in people with a history of coronary artery disease. Smaller hippocampal volume (HV) is a risk factor for the development of dementia.

Objective: This study assessed whether coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) are associated with HV in participants from the Dallas Heart Study, a community-based study of Dallas County, Texas, residents.

The Impact of Caregiver Depression on Child Asthma Outcomes: Pathways and Mechanisms.

Background: Depression is common in caregivers of children with asthma and is associated with poor outcomes in their child. No prior studies have longitudinally examined caregiver depression remission as a predictor of improvement in child asthma control.

Objective: This 2-site study examined whether the proportion of time a caregiver was in depression remission predicted subsequent child asthma control at exit.

Interpersonal attribution bias and social evaluation in adolescent eating disorders.

Objective: Improved understanding of adolescent eating disorders (EDs), including identification and refinement of treatment and recovery targets, may help improve clinical outcomes. Interpersonal function is a proposed risk and maintenance factor that may be particularly relevant given the significance of adolescence for both psychosocial development and ED onset. This study examined self-referential thinking in adolescents with EDs compared to healthy adolescents.

Parent ratings of executive functioning in pediatric survivors of medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma.

The present study compared parent-rated executive functioning in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) survivors. Although standard care for both includes surgical resection, children with MB additionally receive chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation. Given well-documented neurocognitive late effects associated with the latter, we anticipated poor parent-reported executive functioning in MB survivors.

Safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy in patients with severe asthma.

Background: Severe asthma (SA) has been identified as a risk factor for severe systemic reactions (SR) to allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). However, the incidence and characterization of SRs in SA in comparison to less severe or no asthma is not known.

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the incidence of SRs in patients with SA receiving SCIT in comparison to patients with no asthma or less SA.

Relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cognition in an aging population.

Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and severe respiratory illness. Prior research suggests that COPD may be associated with depression as well as cognitive impairment and increased risk of dementia. Many studies to date have been relatively small, have largely relied on global screening measures to identify cognitive impairment, and have not examined the potential role of comorbid depression on cognition.

Desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol concentrations in post mortem brains of depressed people: The role of trazodone.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, disabling, and heterogeneous condition that responds unpredictably to current treatments. We previously showed an association between depressive symptoms and plasma concentrations of two cholesterol precursors, desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). Here, we measured total cholesterol and sterol concentrations with mass spectrometry in postmortem brain samples from depressed and control subjects.

A Crosswalk Study of and Criteria for PTSD from the Field Trials.

: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent and sometimes severely disabling. Providing effective treatment for PTSD and addressing its social consequences require accurate diagnosis. PTSD criteria have changed in all editions of the American Diagnostic Criteria since introduction of the diagnosis in in 1980.

Psychiatry Resident Education in Neurocognitive Disorders: a National Survey of Program Directors in Psychiatry.

Objective: As major neurocognitive disorders increase, little research has examined how psychiatry residents are prepared to provide neurocognitive care to patients.

Methods: A national survey was sent to program directors of general psychiatry in the USA and Canada, including questions about satisfaction, attitudes, and graduation expectations for training in major neurocognitive disorders. The authors examined descriptive statistics and a series of chi-squared analyses by training setting, residency type, and presence of subspecialty fellowships.

Neural processes related to negative self-concept in adult and adolescent anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Negative self-concept is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the neural processes mediating this component of AN is unknown. These studies investigated how valence and social perspectives impact neural processing in both adults and adolescents with AN.

Method: In an fMRI task, participants evaluated positive and negative adjectives from three social perspectives.

Qualitative patient experiences from the Self-Blame and Perspective-Taking Intervention for eating disorders.

Background: Problems in social cognition and social support contribute to eating disorders (ED). Group therapy provides an ideal format to create an experiential learning environment focused on understanding social interactions. This pilot study examined the qualitative content of the participants' experiences in the Self-Blame and Perspective-Taking Intervention (SBPI) for ED.

Structural brain differences in recovering and weight-recovered adult outpatient women with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric illness that includes severe low body weight with cognitive distortions and altered eating behaviors. Brain structures, including cortical thicknesses in many regions, are reduced in underweight patients who are acutely ill with anorexia nervosa. However, few studies have examined adult outpatients in the process of recovering from anorexia nervosa.

Pilot data from the Self-Blame and Perspective-Taking Intervention for eating disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by altered eating behaviors and valuation of self-image, as well as difficulty establishing supportive social relationships. This pilot study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and clinical responses to a novel and brief group-therapy intervention for EDs, the Self-Blame and Perspective-Taking Intervention (SBPI). The SBPI consisted of four sessions of experiential art therapy activities in conjunction with psychoeducation targeting interpersonal attributions and mentalization.

Biomarker Profiles in Psychosis Risk Groups Within Unaffected Relatives Based on Familiality and Age.

Investigating biomarkers in unaffected relatives (UR) of individuals with psychotic disorders has already proven productive in research on psychosis neurobiology. However, there is considerable heterogeneity among UR based on features linked to psychosis vulnerability. Here, using the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) dataset, we examined cognitive and neurophysiologic biomarkers in first-degree UR of psychosis probands, stratified by 2 widely used risk factors: familiality status of the respective proband (the presence or absence of a first- or second-degree relative with a history of psychotic disorder) and age (within or older than the common age range for developing psychosis).