Throwing Shoulder Range of Motion and Hamstring Flexibility in Adolescent Baseball Players: A Pilot Study.

Overhead throwing athletes with limited hamstring flexibility should be counseled appropriately regarding their risk for shoulder injury. Baseball players should stretch and prepare their bodies to throw to reduce the compensatory mechanisms that may occur from hamstring stiffness. We aim to identify the association between the contralateral hamstring-popliteal angle and throwing shoulder total range of motion (ROM) in high school baseball players.

Improved Electrical Signal of Non-Poled 3D Printed Zinc Oxide-Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) presents highly useful piezo and pyro electric properties but they are predicated upon the processing methods and the ensuing volume fraction of the -phase. Production of PVDF with higher -phase content for additive manufacturing (AM) is particularly desirable because it can enable the creation of custom parts with enhanced properties. Necessary steps from compounding to the testing of a 3D printed piezo sensitive sensor are presented in this paper.

Stress Injuries of the Knee.

Stress injuries to the bone and physis of the knee are common in the active adolescent patient and can be broken down into bone stress injuries (BSIs) and chronic physeal stress injuries. BSIs result from prolonged, repetitive bone loading, whereas chronic physeal stress injuries develop from repetitive loading to the apophysis or epiphysis. Most stress injuries of the knee resolve with relative rest but will occasionally need surgical intervention in more severe cases.