Use of transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) in spine deformity surgery in a case of Charcot-Marie-tooth disease-what we should know? A case report.

Introduction: Charcot Marie tooth disease (CMTD) is also known as Hereditary sensory motor neuropathy. It poses difficulties in attaining intra-operative neuromonitoring signals for deformity correction surgery. In this case report, we intent to mention key points for obtaining good neuromonitoring signals in these cases which increases the safety in scoliosis surgery.

Comparison of traditional growth rods and magnetically controlled growing rods in early-onset scoliosis: a case-matched mid term follow-up study.

Purpose: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) has always been a challenging situation for spine surgeons. The aim of treatment is to control the direction of curve progression to allow for the complete development of lungs. Among all the growth constructs available, traditional growth rods (TGR) and magnetically controlled growth rods (MCGR) are most widely used.

Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests to screen for at-risk MASH-An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: There is a need to reduce the screen failure rate (SFR) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) clinical trials (MASH+F2-3; MASH+F4) and identify people with high-risk MASH (MASH+F2-4) in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate non-invasive tests (NITs) screening approaches for these target conditions.

Methods: This was an individual participant data meta-analysis for the performance of NITs against liver biopsy for MASH+F2-4, MASH+F2-3 and MASH+F4.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of superficial and invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma using epithelial membrane antigen as a marker.

Background: Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) has been used as a marker for the expression of tumour margins in various glandular neoplastic lesions. Histopathologically, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may exhibit several features within the same tumour cells, portraying that these cells at the invasive margins commonly display certain features that differ from those of the superficial part of the tumour.

Aim: To identify and study the invasive tumour front and also to recognise any micrometastases in an OSCC lesion.

Irregular Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made access to antenatal care services difficult, which could lead to serious implications for the health of mothers and fetus. There is limited study regarding its impact on pregnant women. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of irregular antenatal care attendance among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care centre.

Use of intra-operative internal distraction for the application of magnetically controlled growth rods (MCGR): a technique for maximizing correction in the rigid immature spine during index surgery.

Objective: Operative treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) with Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod (MCGR) in moderate-to-severe curves poses a challenge due to the limited amount of force and length available with the implant. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of the intra-operative internal spine distraction using Harrington Outrigger, before definitive implantation of MCGR, with regard to initial correction, maintenance of correction, truncal balance, and complication rates.

Patients And Methods: 16 EOS patients treated with the application of MCGR using the intra-operative internal distractor technique were included in the study.

Evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of coconut oil as a clearing agent with xylene.

Background: Xylene is a routinely used clearing agent in histopathology. It is potentially toxic and flammable in nature. Histotechnicians are routinely exposed to this hazardous chemical.

Development of Tuberculosis Spine Instability Score (TSIS): An Evidence-Based and Expert Consensus-Based Content Validation Study Among Spine Surgeons.

Study Design: An expert-panel consensus-based content validation and case-based clinical validation study.

Objective: To develop a novel scoring system for diagnosing instability in tuberculosis (TB) spine using an expert-panel consensus followed by clinical validation for validating the content.

Summary Of Background Data: Currently, diagnosis of instability is primarily experience-based which may lead to considerable variability and misdiagnosis in the hands of a relatively in-experienced spine surgeon.

Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), point shear wave elastography (pSWE), 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (2DSWE), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been proposed as non-invasive tests for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study evaluated their diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: PubMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies examining the diagnostic accuracy of these index tests, against histology as the reference standard, in adult patients with NAFLD.

Evaluation of binding of potential ADMET/tox screened saquinavir analogues for inhibition of HIV-protease via molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations.

Developing novel drug molecules against HIV is a scientific quest necessitated by development of drug resistance against used drugs. We report comparative results of molecular dynamics simulation studies on 11 structural analogues of Saquinavir (SQV) - against HIV-protease that were earlier examined for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. We reported analogues S1, S5 and S8 to qualify the ADMET criterion and may be considered as potential lead molecules.

Liver cT decreases following direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus.

Purpose: Direct-acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have excellent rates of viral eradication, but their effect on regression of liver fibrosis is unclear. The primary aim was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate changes in liver fibrosis, liver fat and liver iron content (LIC) in patients with chronic HCV following treatment with DAAs.

Methods: In this prospective study, 15 patients with chronic HCV due to start treatment with DAAs and with transient elastography (TE) > 8 kPa were recruited consecutively.

Prognostic value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, transient elastography and blood-based fibrosis markers in patients with chronic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Liver cT , liver T , transient elastography (TE) and blood-based biomarkers have independently been shown to predict clinical outcomes but have not been directly compared in a single cohort of patients. Our aim was to compare these tests' prognostic value in a cohort of patients with compensated chronic liver disease.

Methods: Patients with unselected compensated liver disease aetiologies had baseline assessments and were followed up for development of clinical outcomes, blinded to the imaging results.

Implant Retention or Removal for Management of Surgical Site Infection After Spinal Surgery.

Study Design: A literature review.

Objective: To summarize the implant removal rate, common bacterial organisms found, time of onset, ratio of superficial to deep infection, and regurgitating the prevalence among all the retrospective and prospective studies on management and characterization of surgical site infections (SSIs).

Methods: PubMed was searched for articles published between 2000 and 2018 on the management or characterization of SSIs after spinal surgery.

Unplanned return to operation room (OR) following growing spinal constructs (GSCs) in early onset scoliosis (EOS)-a multi-centric study.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with the unplanned return to OR in EOS.

Methods: Medical records of 51 patients of EOS operated at three different centres using various types of GSCs were evaluated for complications requiring unplanned surgeries. Data were analysed to find out rate of unplanned surgeries in relation to the aetiology, age and Cobb angle at index surgery, type of implant, cause of unplanned surgery, and management required.

Device-Related Complications Associated with Magec Rod Usage for Distraction-Based Correction of Scoliosis.

Introduction: Recent literature identifies similar failure rates such as anchor pull-out and rod breakage, but a higher unplanned revision surgery with MAGEC rods than with traditional growth rods. Besides known failure modes such as rod fracture, infection, etc., failure to noninvasively distract the rods was cited as the main cause of such unplanned surgeries.

Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging spleen T1 relaxation and other radiologic and clinical biomarkers of liver fibrosis in children and young adults with autoimmune liver disease.

Background: Little is known about the relationships between MRI splenic T1 relaxation measurements and other radiologic and clinical markers of chronic liver disease, including the presence of radiologic portal hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate the relationships between MRI splenic T1 relaxation and other radiologic and clinical biomarkers of liver fibrosis, including the presence of radiologic portal hypertension, in children and young adults with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).

Materials And Methods: Research MRI examinations performed at 1.

Delirium in medical intensive care units: Incidence, subtypes, risk factors, and outcome.

Background: Delirium is a frequent yet underdiagnosed neuropsychiatric condition encountered in intensive care units (ICUs). Being both a preventable and potentially reversible process associated with significant morbidity and mortality, understanding risk factors that predispose and precipitate delirium in any given patient are critical in ICUs.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, motor subtypes, risk factors, and clinical outcome of delirium in the medical ICU.

Examining pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of eleven analogues of saquinavir for HIV protease inhibition.

HIV is one of the most lethal viral diseases in the human population. Patients often suffer from drug resistance, which hampers HIV therapy. Eleven different structural analogues of saquinavir (SQV), designed using ChemSketch™ and named S1 through S11, were compared with SQV with respect to their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.

Role of Bisphosphonates as Adjuvants of Surgery in Giant Cell Tumor of Spine.

Background: The role of bisphosphonates is well established in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of extremities, but its role in spine GCTB is still not established. Our main purpose was to evaluate the role of bisphosphonates in spinal GCTB with the help of radiologic assessment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all spine GCTB patients who underwent an operation from July 2005 to January 2014 was done.

Quantitative Characteristics of Consecutive Lengthening Episodes in Early-onset Scoliosis (EOS) Patients With Dual Growth Rods.

Study Design: A prospective single-center study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to record the characteristic forces and lengths observed during distraction episodes in early-onset scoliosis (EOS), and analyze their interdependencies on the key variability among the patients.

Summary Of Background Data: The goal of the growing-rod technique is to achieve deformity correction alongside maintaining growth of the spine.

Assessment of Haemodynamic Response to Nonselective Beta-Blockers in Portal Hypertension by Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography.

A significant unmet need exists for accurate, reproducible, noninvasive diagnostic tools to assess and monitor portal hypertension (PHT). We report the first use of quantitative MRI markers for the haemodynamic assessment of nonselective beta-blockers (NSBB) in PHT. In a randomized parallel feasibility study in 22 adult patients with PHT and a clinical indication for NSBB, we acquired haemodynamic data at baseline and after 4 weeks of NSBB (propranolol or carvedilol) using phase-contrast MR angiography (PC-MRA) in selected intra-abdominal vessels.