Dietary therapies interlinking with gut microbes toward human health: Past, present, and future.

Overview of personalized dietary therapies. This flow chart exhibits the future prospect for integrating human microbiome and bio-medical research to revolutionize the precise personalized dietary therapies. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), incorporating database may achieve personalized dietary therapies with high precision.

3D structural analysis of the biodegradability of banana pseudostem nanocellulose bioplastics.

X-Ray micro-computed tomography (XCT) is used to reveal the micro-structural changes of banana pseudostem nanocellulose bioplastic due to a biodegradation process initiated in a formulated composting media that allowed the growth of aerobic microflora. The bioplastic itself was made of nanocellulose, which was isolated from banana pseudostem using the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) mediated oxidation method, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticiser. XCT provided insights into the 3D structural change of the bioplastic identifying the degradation process at two scales.

Creating alternative seafood flavour from non-animal ingredients: A review of key flavour molecules relevant to seafood.

This review summarises current knowledge of the molecular basis for flavour profiles of popular seafood types (crustacean (crab, lobster, prawn, etc.), mollusc (oyster, squid, etc.), oily fish (salmon, sardine, etc.

TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface.

Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body.

In Vitro Assessment Methods for Antidiabetic Peptides from Legumes: A Review.

Almost 65% of the human protein supply in the world originates from plants, with legumes being one of the highest contributors, comprising between 20 and 40% of the protein supply. Bioactive peptides from various food sources including legumes have been reported to show efficacy in modulating starch digestion and glucose absorption. This paper will provide a comprehensive review on recent in vitro studies that have been performed on leguminous antidiabetic peptides, focusing on the α-amylase inhibitor, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor.

Molecular Recognition Patterns between Vitamin B12 and Proteins Explored through STD-NMR and In Silico Studies.

Ligand-receptor molecular recognition is the basis of biological processes. The Saturation Transfer Difference-NMR (STD-NMR) technique has been recently used to gain qualitative and quantitative information about physiological interactions at an atomic resolution. The molecular recognition patterns between the cyanocobalamin (CNBL)/aqua cobalamin (OHBL) and different plant and animal proteins were investigated via STD-NMR supplemented by molecular docking.

Vitamin K content of cheese, yoghurt and meat products in Australia.

Vitamin K is vital for normal blood coagulation, and may influence bone, neurological and vascular health. Data on the vitamin K content of Australian foods are limited, preventing estimation of vitamin K intakes in the Australian population. We measured phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone (MK) -4 to -10 in cheese, yoghurt and meat products (48 composite samples from 288 primary samples) by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry.

Fortification of foods with nano-iron: its uptake and potential toxicity: current evidence, controversies, and research gaps.

Iron fortification is a very popular practice in several countries, particularly in countries in which a large proportion of the population is suffering from iron deficiency, as in lower-middle-income countries. Food fortification with iron salts is a difficult operation, because most iron complexes (ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride) are water soluble, which can cause undesirable alterations to the sensory properties of the food carriers. On the other hand, insoluble iron salts (eg, ferric pyrophosphate) do not have an unpleasant taste or color, but their bioavailability is low.

Use of Linear Programming to Develop Complementary Feeding Recommendations to Improve Nutrient Adequacy and Dietary Diversity Among Breastfed Children in the Rural Philippines.

Background: Lack of dietary diversity in complementary feeding contributes to nutrient gaps leading to undernutrition. Food-based strategies have been successfully used to enrich the complementary diets of infants and young children. However, context-specific recommendations based on an objective diet optimization are needed to formulate sound and practical nutritional guidelines.

The role of food science and technology in humanitarian response.

Background: In humanitarian contexts, ensuring access to safe, nutritious, good quality and culturally appropriate food in the right quantity at the right time and place during an emergency or a protracted crisis is an enormous challenge, which is likely to increase given uncertainties such as climate change, global political and economic instability and emerging pandemics like COVID-19. Several international organizations and non-government organizations have well established systems to respond to food security emergencies. However, the role of food science and technology in humanitarian response is not well understood and is seldom considered in humanitarian circles.

Anthocyanin-based sensors derived from food waste as an active use-by date indicator for milk.

Active use-by date (AUBD) or freshness indicators hold great potential to reduce food waste. Herein, we develop an anthocyanin AUBD indicator that is capable of discriminating between fresh, spoiling, and spoiled milk. The sensor undergoes a visible blue to purple to pink color change in response to lactic acid, which is an indicator of microbial spoilage in milk.

The efficiency of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of cyanocobalamin is greater than heat extraction.

Cyanocobalamin, like other water-soluble vitamins, is susceptible to degradation due to exposure to heat, UV, oxygen and pH. Built on our previous finding, this study aimed to assess the extraction efficiency of cyanocobalamin from dietary supplements. Particularly, cyanocobalamin extraction in a 100 °C water bath was compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction, with and without the addition of 1 mg/L sorbitol, xylitol and erythritol.

Co-ingestion of red cabbage with cherry tomato enhances digestive bioaccessibility of anthocyanins but decreases carotenoid bioaccessibility after simulated in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion.

The effects of co-digestion of red cabbage with carrot, baby spinach and/or cherry tomato on the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins and carotenoids such as α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein and lycopene were examined using a simulated in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion model. The individual vegetables and their mixtures were digested with and without added a standardised salad dressing. Bioaccessibility of total anthocyanins was enhanced by 10-15% (p < 0.

Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B vitamers.

The stability of B vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.

What is the cobalamin status among vegetarians and vegans in Australia?

Water-soluble vitamin B (cobalamin) plays a vital role in normal blood function and neurological functioning. Clinical and subclinical B deficiency has been notably reported in vegans, vegetarians, the elderly and metformin-treated diabetics. Currently, the prevalence of cobalamin deficiency among vegans and vegetarians in Australia is lacking; data on dietary intake including supplements and nutritional status are also limited.

Effects on intestinal cellular bioaccessibility of carotenoids and cellular biological activity as a consequence of co-ingestion of anthocyanin- and carotenoid-rich vegetables.

The effects of co-digestion of a carotenoid-rich vegetable such as carrot, cherry tomato or baby spinach with an anthocyanin-rich vegetable such as red cabbage with and without salad dressing on the intestinal cellular bioaccessibility (cBAC) of carotenoids and the resultant cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. The % cBAC of lutein from the tested vegetables was 0.23-1.

Validation of a measurement instrument for parental child feeding in a low and middle-income country.

Background: Parental child feeding practices (PCFP) are a key factor influencing children's dietary intake, especially in the preschool years when eating behavior is being established. Instruments to measure PCFP have been developed and validated in high-income countries with a high prevalence of childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to test the appropriateness, content, and construct validity of selected measures of PCFP in a low and middle-income country (LMIC) in which there is both undernutrition and obesity in children.

Effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight and nanofillers on the properties of banana pseudostem nanocellulose films.

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight (MW) and PEG interaction with nanofillers (nanoclay and graphene oxide) on the properties of banana pseudostem nanocellulose films. PEG MW significantly affected the properties of the films. Low MW PEGs (400 and 1000 g/mol) had better interaction with nanocellulose than the PEG with higher MW and improved the flexibility of the films by about 100%.

Interferences of anthocyanins with the uptake of lycopene in Caco-2 cells, and their interactive effects on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation in vitro and ex vivo.

Lycopene was combined with the glucosides of each of the six common anthocyanidins at 3 different ratios to investigate their interactions on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and cellular uptake. The bioactivity interaction between lycopene and anthocyanins was studied in both chemical and cellular models. Anti-oxidative synergy was not seen in any of the tested lycopene-anthocyanin mixtures, nor in the models studied.

Ascorbic Acid Effectively Improved Lutein Extraction Yield from Australian Sweet Lupin Flour.

Lutein is a xanthophyll, a bioactive phytochemical that presents itself as colourful pigments in plants. Australian sweet lupin flour has been incorporated as a food ingredient in wheat bread and pasta to improve their sensory property and nutritional quality. However, the amount of lutein in lupin flour has not yet been determined.

Effect of Different Anthocyanidin Glucosides on Lutein Uptake by Caco-2 Cells, and Their Combined Activities on Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Inflammation In Vitro and Ex Vivo.

The interactive effects on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation of lutein combined with each of the six common anthocyanidin glucosides were studied in both chemical and cellular systems. The combined phytochemicals showed an antagonism in the inhibition of lipid oxidation in a liposomal membrane, but showed an additive effect on cellular antioxidant activity in Caco-2 cells. Lutein was an active lipoxygenase inhibitor at 2⁻12 μM while anthocyanins were inactive.

Profile changes in banana flavour volatiles during low temperature drying.

Headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used to measure changes in selected volatile flavour compounds in fresh banana during low temperature heat pump drying. Ten compounds from a range of chemical classes were measured during drying at three different drying conditions. Ester compounds were found to be the most affected, with losses varying from 25 to 87% during drying.

Modelling of the impact of universal added sugar reduction through food reformulation.

Food reformulation has been suggested to be one of the strategies to reduce population added sugar (AS) intake. This study aims to investigate the untested assumption that a reduction in AS through reformulation will result in a reduction in population intakes of AS and energy. Plausible dietary data from 4,140 respondents of an Australian national nutrition survey were used.

Probiotic-loaded microcapsule system for human in situ folate production: Encapsulation and system validation.

This study focused on the use of a new system, an alginate|Ɛ-poly-l-lysine|alginate|chitosan microcapsule (APACM), able to immobilize a folate-producing probiotic, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (LLC), which provides a new approach to the utilization of capsules and probiotics for in situ production of vitamins. LLC is able to produce 95.

Naturally occurring folates in selected traditionally prepared foods in Southern India.

A wide range of Indian foods (cereals, pulses, vegetables and milk based preparations) were analysed for five folate vitamers naturally present in the foods (n = 44). A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using reversed phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, coupled via positive mode electrospray ionization was used for the detection and quantification of the vitamers. The optimized LC-MS/MS method was capable of analysing the five most commonly-occurring folates (folic acid, 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, 10-formyl folic acid and 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid) in 20 min.