The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment.

Microbial pigments: Sources, current status, future challenges in cosmetics and therapeutic applications.

Color serves as the initial attraction and offers a pleasing aspect. While synthetic colorants have been popular for many years, their adverse environmental and health effects cannot be overlooked. This necessitates the search for natural colorants, especially microbial colorants, which have proven and more effective.

Incidents and Potential Adverse Health Effects of Serious Food Fraud Cases Originated in Asia.

Food fraud has long been regarded as a major issue within the food industry and is associated with serious economic and public health concerns. Economically motivated adulteration, the most common form of food fraud, has consequences for human health, ranging from mild to life-threatening conditions. Despite the potential harm and public health threats posed by food fraud, limited information on incidents causing illness has been reported.

Recycling of food waste to produce chicken feed and liquid fertiliser.

Most of the food waste (FW) generated by commercial activities and the majority of household FW is collected as part of general waste, which is either incinerated or landfilled. There is an increasing interest in the collection of FW as a separate waste stream and use it for the production of compost or recovery of energy through anaerobic digestion (AD) or pyrolysis. This study focused on using FW to produce chicken feed and liquid fertiliser (CFLF).

Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced from Fermented Bamboo Shoot-Isolated .

This study aimed at providing a route towards the production of a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) from fermented bamboo shoot-isolated . A lactic acid bacteria strain, with high EPS production ability, was isolated from fermented bamboo shoots. This strain, R-49757, was identified in the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University, Belgium by the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene sequencing method, and it was named MC3.

Review on essential oils, chemical composition, extraction, and utilization of some conifers in Northwestern Himalayas.

Essential oils (EOs) are regarded as alternative therapeutic agents for many diseases. In phytotherapy research areas, it is now well reported that conifers are the rich source of EOs. This review aims to update information on the biological sources and the best extraction processes of the significant constituents along with the traditional and therapeutic properties of the EOs from selected conifers of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya.

A review on global metal accumulators-mechanism, enhancement, commercial application, and research trend.

The biosphere is polluted with metals due to burning of fossil fuels, pesticides, fertilizers, and mining. The metals interfere with soil conservations such as contaminating aqueous waste streams and groundwater, and the evidence of this has been recorded since 1900. Heavy metals also impact human health; therefore, the emancipation of the environment from these environmental pollutants is critical.

Calcium, Iron, and Zinc Bioaccessibilities of Australian Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Cultivars.

In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of the cultivar and dehulling on calcium, iron, and zinc bioaccessibilities of Australian sweet lupin (ASL). Ten ASL cultivars grown in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in Western Australia were used for the study. The bioaccessibilities of calcium, iron, and zinc in whole seed and dehulled lupin samples were determined using a dialysability method.

Carob Kibble: A Bioactive-Rich Food Ingredient.

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is well known for its valuable locust bean gum obtained from the carob seeds. Separation of seeds from the pod leaves behind the carob kibble which is a good source of dietary fiber, sugars, and a range of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and pinitol.

The role of dietary coconut for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease: potential mechanisms of action.

Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated to provide a large number of products, although it is mainly grown for its nutritional and medicinal values. Coconut oil, derived from the coconut fruit, has been recognised historically as containing high levels of saturated fat; however, closer scrutiny suggests that coconut should be regarded more favourably.

Nutritional, Health, and Technological Functionality of Lupin Flour Addition to Bread and Other Baked Products: Benefits and Challenges.

Lupin is an undervalued legume despite its high protein and dietary fiber content and potential health benefits. This review focuses on the nutritional value, health benefits, and technological effects of incorporating lupin flour into wheat-based bread. Results of clinical studies suggest that consuming lupin compared to wheat bread and other baked products reduce chronic disease risk markers; possibly due to increased protein and dietary fiber and bioactive compounds.

Omega-3 fatty acid profile of eggs from laying hens fed diets supplemented with chia, fish oil, and flaxseed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with fish oil, flaxseed, and chia seed on the omega-3 fatty acid composition and sensory properties of hens' eggs. No significant difference in yolk fat content was found between treatments. The fatty acid composition of egg yolk was significantly affected by the dietary treatments.

Sonocrystallisation of lactose in concentrated whey.

Whey concentrated to 32% lactose was sonicated at 30°C in a non-contact approach at flow rates of up to 12L/min. Applied energy density varied from 3 to 16J/mL at a frequency of 20kHz. Sonication of whey initiated the rapid formation of a large number of lactose crystals in response to acoustic cavitation which increased the rate of crystallisation.

Gelling properties of chia seed and flour.

Unlabelled: Healthy oil profile of chia has been well established. Chia could also be a good source of gel. The characteristics of chia gel were studied and compared to guar gum and gelatin which are commonly used in the food industry.

Total phenolic and phytosterol compounds and the radical scavenging activity of germinated Australian sweet lupin flour.

In addition to their favourable nutritional profile, legumes also contain a range of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and phytosterols which may protect against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Germination of some legume seeds has been previously reported to increase the concentration of the bioactive compounds. In this study, the effect of germination of Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) seeds for 9 days on the concentration of some bioactive compounds and the radical scavenging activity in the resulting flour was determined.

Effect of growing location, malaxation duration and citric acid treatment on the quality of olive oil.

Background: The total phenolic compounds of olive oil exert antiradical activity at cellular level and can prevent cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Increased awareness of its health benefits has increased the consumption of olive oil around the world. An alternative processing technique effective in increasing the amount of oil extracted while maintaining the oil quality is needed to meet the rising global demand for olive oil.

In vitro selection of self-cleaving RNAs with a low pH optimum.

RNAs that undergo a rapid site-specific cleavage at low pH have been selected by in vitro selection (the SELEX process). The cleavage does not require the addition of any divalent metal ions, and is in fact inhibited by divalent metal ions, spermine, or high concentrations of monovalent metal ions. This low pH catalyzed cleavage results in a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate at the 3' end and a free hydroxyl at the 5' end.

In vitro selection of RNA specifically cleaved by bacteriophage T4 RegB endonuclease.

T4 RegB endonuclease specifically cleaves at -GGAG- sites in several early T4 messages, rendering them nonfunctional. Not all -GGAG- sites are processed equally by RegB; those found at the Shine-Dalgarno sequences and in intercistronic regions are processed with higher efficiency than the -GGAG- sites located in coding regions. The low activity of RegB observed in vitro is enhanced by 1-2 orders of magnitude by the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1.

Complement-stabilized D-loop. RecA-catalyzed stable pairing of linear DNA molecules at internal sites.

The RecA protein (RecA) of Escherichia coli has the ability to pair a single-stranded DNA to a homologous sequence in a duplex DNA without requiring denaturation of the duplex. This ability has stimulated interest in the use of RecA for targeting probes to genomic DNA. However, because pairing generally requires that the double-stranded DNA either have a homologous end or be negatively supercoiled, the application of RecA to targeting has been very limited.

Positive regulation of the skeletal alpha-actin gene by Fos and Jun in cardiac myocytes.

Transcription of the skeletal alpha-actin gene is selectively activated in rat myocardiocytes undergoing hypertrophy both in vivo and in vitro. In most of these models, transient expression of certain proto-oncogene transcription factors precedes hypertrophy and sarcomeric gene induction. Using expression vectors encoding Fos and Jun, the main constituents of transcriptional activator protein AP-1, we analyzed the role of these oncoproteins in mediating the transcriptional induction of skeletal alpha-actin by adrenergic stimulation.

Oligopurine.oligopyrimidine tracts do not have the same conformation as analogous polypurine.polypyrimidines.

The ability of tracts of synthetic oligopurine.oligopyrimidines containing both adenosine and guanosine residues to approach the conformation of analogous polypurine.polypyrimidines has been examined as a function of tract length by CD spectroscopy.

The B-Z transition in supercoiled DNA depends on sequence beyond nearest-neighbors.

In order to examine sequence-dependent structural effects in DNA, the ability of alternating purine-pyrimidine fragments to undergo a B-Z transition when cloned in a supercoiled plasmid was determined solely as a function of sequence, with base and nearest-neighbor composition held constant. Sequences of 22 GC and 2 AT base pairs were synthesized such that the AT base pairs varied between contiguous placement and separation by eight GC base pairs. Results show, surprisingly, that the ease of the B-Z transition varies with the position of the two AT base pairs, occurring at lower superhelical densities when AT base pairs are contiguous, and at higher torsional strain when the AT base pairs are moved further apart.