Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Their Impact on Gene Regulatory Networks in Gestational Diabetes.

This study explored the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota metabolites in managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations, we identified key targets and pathways involved in GDM. We screened 135 gut-derived metabolites, with 8 meeting drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic criteria.

Integrated Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of In Vitro Murine Gut Microbial Cultures upon Bisphenol S Exposure.

Background: The gut microbiota are an important interface between the host and the environment, mediating the host's interactions with nutritive and non-nutritive substances. Dietary contaminants like Bisphenol A (BPA) may disrupt the microbial community, leaving the host susceptible to additional exposures and pathogens. BPA has long been a controversial and well-studied contaminant, so its structural analogues like Bisphenol S (BPS) are replacing it in consumer products, but have not been well studied.

Enhanced gait tracking measures for individuals with stroke using leg-worn inertial sensors.

Background: Clinical gait analysis plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and treating walking impairments. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer a low-cost, portable, and practical alternative to traditional gait analysis equipment, making these techniques more accessible beyond specialized clinics. Previous work and algorithms developed for specific clinical populations, like in individuals with Parkinson's disease, often do not translate effectively to other groups, such as stroke survivors, who exhibit significant variability in their gait patterns.

Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Human Placental Tissue for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Biologics targeting matrix-degrading proteases, cartilage repair, and inflammation are emerging as promising approaches for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Recent research highlights biologic-human placental tissue (HPT) as a potential OA therapy due to its biocompatibility, abundant protein biofactors, and ability to reduce cartilage degradation by suppressing protease expression. Microneedles (MNs) are receiving growing attention for enhancing transdermal delivery of biologics as an alternative to conventional subcutaneous injections.

Memory-based predictions prime perceptual judgments across head turns in immersive, real-world scenes.

Each view of our environment captures only a subset of our immersive surroundings. Yet, our visual experience feels seamless. A puzzle for human neuroscience is to determine what cognitive mechanisms enable us to overcome our limited field of view and efficiently anticipate new views as we sample our visual surroundings.

Hemofiltration system for the post traumatic treatment of hyperkalemia in austere conditions.

Background: Hyperkalemia, the buildup of serum potassium to levels >6 mEq L, has been a recognized complication of combat injuries such as acute kidney injury since World War II. Currently, renal replacement therapy (RRT) serves as the standard of care for hyperkalemic patients who fail to respond to medical management. However, RRT is difficult to administer in combat settings, and the time between evacuation and RRT is critical in preventing post-traumatic hyperkalemia.

Walking a tightrope: perspectives of non-degree allopathic providers (NDAPs) on providing diabetes and hypertension care in urban informal settlements of Mumbai Metropolitan Region.

Background: In India, Non-Degree Allopathic Providers (NDAPs), who do not have formal training in allopathic medicine, play a prominent role in basic healthcare delivery in both rural areas and urban informal settlements. Often recognized as providers of 'first contact' care for minor acute ailments, there is little information regarding the roles they play in providing services for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this study, we explore the roles played by NDAPs in diagnosing and managing two NCDs-diabetes and hypertension-in urban informal settlements of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.

Spinal motor evoked responses elicited by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in chronic stroke: Correlation between spinal cord excitability, demographic characteristics, and functional outcomes.

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is becoming a promising neuromodulation technique to promote motor recovery in various neurological conditions, including stroke. As this intervention moves forward into clinical practice, it is important to understand how the elicited neurophysiological measures are related to the functional and neuromuscular deficits of the population of interest in order to personalize tSCS interventions and assess its effectiveness. Specifically, neurophysiological measurements of spinal cord excitability can be achieved by recording with EMG spinal motor evoked responses (sMERs) in muscles after applying single pulses of tSCS to the spinal cord.

Automate, Illuminate, Predict: A Universal Framework for Integrating Wearable Sensors in Healthcare.

Background: Wearable sensors have been heralded as revolutionary tools for healthcare. However, while data are easily acquired from sensors, users still grapple with questions about how sensors can meaningfully inform everyday clinical practice and research.

Summary: We propose a simple, comprehensive framework for utilizing sensor data in healthcare.

" A stepped care model, with non-specialist workers (NSWs) addressing mental health of young people in urban vulnerable communities across the Mumbai metropolitan region in India.

Research on adolescent mental health in low and middle-income countries cites the paucity of human resources and emphasises non-specialist worker (NSW)-led counselling intervention within school and health-system platforms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a transdiagnostic stepped care model, for delivering preventive psychological treatment to adolescents through NSWs in urban vulnerable community settings. Conducted in three such settlements in Mumbai and Thane districts of Maharashtra in India, this mixed-methods study engaged 500 young people, their parents and 52 NSWs.

Factors Promoting Lipopolysaccharide Uptake by Synthetic Lipid Droplets.

Lipoproteins are essential in removing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from blood during bacterial inflammation. The physicochemical properties of lipoproteins and environmental factors can impact LPS uptake. In this work, synthetic lipid droplets containing triglycerides, cholesterols, and phospholipids, were prepared to mimic lipoproteins.

Feasibility of snapshot testing using wearable sensors to detect cardiorespiratory illness (COVID infection in India).

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the current paradigm of clinical and community-based disease detection. We present a multimodal wearable sensor system paired with a two-minute, movement-based activity sequence that successfully captures a snapshot of physiological data (including cardiac, respiratory, temperature, and percent oxygen saturation). We conducted a large, multi-site trial of this technology across India from June 2021 to April 2022 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (Clinical trial registry name: International Validation of Wearable Sensor to Monitor COVID-19 Like Signs and Symptoms; NCT05334680; initial release: 04/15/2022).

A computational method for rapid analysis polymer structure and inverse design strategy (RAPSIDY).

Tailoring polymers for target applications often involves selecting candidates from a large design parameter space including polymer chemistry, molar mass, sequence, and architecture, and linking each candidate to their assembled structures and in turn their properties. To accelerate this process, there is a critical need for inverse design of polymers and fast exploration of the structures they can form. This need has been particularly challenging to fulfill due to the multiple length scales and time scales of structural arrangements found in polymers that together give rise to the materials' properties.

Involvement of Intestinal Epithelium Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Expression and 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane in Colonic Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Formation.

Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are adaptive immune structures that develop during chronic inflammation and may worsen or lessen disease outcomes in a context-specific manner. Immune cell activity governing TLT formation in the intestines is dependent on immune cell aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. Homeostatic immune cell activity in the intestines is further dependent on ligand activation of AhR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), yet whether AhR activation and signaling in IECs influences the formation of TLTs in the presence of dietary AhR ligands is not known.

Intermolecular 1,2-Aminoboration of Alkynes and the Critical Role of Electron-Rich Alkynes.

The intramolecular 1,2-aminoboration of alkynes by aminoboranes is rare and invariably requires a catalyst to proceed, while the intermolecular aminoboration of alkynes is yet entirely unknown. Through an exploration of the significance of electronics in alkynes for activating the B-N σ-bond of aminoboranes, we demonstrate in this work the first intermolecular 1,2-aminoboration of alkynes. These reactions employ a series of (amino)dihaloboranes and aminoboronic esters, mild reaction conditions, and no catalysts, yielding syn-addition alkene products with the incorporation of two crucial functionalities: amino and boryl.

Safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines formulated to include multiple A/H3N2 strains with or without the B/Yamagata strain in US adults aged 50-75 years: a phase 1/2, open-label, randomised trial.

Background: Inclusion of additional influenza A/H3N2 strains in seasonal influenza vaccines could expand coverage against multiple, antigenically distinct, cocirculating A/H3N2 clades and potentially replace the no longer circulating B/Yamagata strain. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of three next-generation seasonal influenza mRNA vaccines with different compositions that encode for haemagglutinins of multiple A/H3N2 strains, with or without the B/Yamagata strain, in adults.

Methods: This randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 trial enrolled healthy adults aged 50-75 years across 22 sites in the USA.

Theranostic scope of monometallic selenium and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in biomedicine: A review.

The nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and metal oxides constitute significant components of technology in terms of monometallic NPs (MNPs). Over the last decade, the most fascinating and in-depth uses of NPs have been found in the biomedical field, which has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of these particles. Significant strides have been made in the application of nanotechnology across various industries, including biomedical sciences.

The complement system: A key player in the host response to infections.

Infections are one of the most significant healthcare and economic burdens across the world as underscored by the recent coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, with the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand host-pathogen interactions to design effective treatment strategies. The complement system is a key arsenal of the host defense response to pathogens and bridges both innate and adaptive immunity.