Have inequalities in completeness of death registration between states in India narrowed during two decades of civil registration system strengthening?

Background: In India the number of registered deaths increased substantially in recent years, improving the potential of the civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system to be the primary source of mortality data and providing more families of decedents with the benefits of possessing a death certificate. This study aims to identify whether inequalities in the completeness of death registration between states in India, including by sex, have narrowed during this period of CRVS system strengthening.

Methods: Data used in this study are registered deaths by state and year from 2000 to 2018 (and by sex from 2009 to 2018) reported in the Civil Registration Reports published by the Office of Registrar General of India.

Insights into the competitive adsorption of pollutants on a mesoporous alumina-silica nano-sorbent synthesized from coal fly ash and a waste aluminium foil.

A highly efficient and low-cost alumina-silica nano-sorbent was fabricated and characterized to understand the key factors responsible for its superiority over the existing adsorbents in treating the industry-discharged wastewater for the removal of dyes and heavy metals. As compared to the properties of raw fly ash, the following fundamental improvements were observed for the alumina-silica nano-sorbent: (a) transformation of throttled mesopores into slit-type pores, (b) increment in the surface area by 65-fold, (c) change in the morphology from spherical particles to a flake-type structure with sharp edges, (d) reduction in the average crystal size from 61.143 to 27.

Catalytic Reduction of Nitrobenzene Using Silver Nanoparticles Embedded Calcium Alginate Film.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded on calcium alginate film and the catalytic property of this film in the reduction of nitrobenzene with sodium borohydride are demonstrated in this work. Natural polymer alginate acts as effective reducing and stabilizing agent in synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Effect of different parameters on the preparation of silver nanoparticles, such as, temperature, concentration of silver precursor and heating time was investigated.

An electron trapping protocol of FePWO microflowers with dual catalytic properties: visible light photodegradation of amphetamine and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.

We have demonstrated the development of a novel polyxometalate compound, FePW12O40, for photocatalytic degradation of amphetamine and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. It showed robust optoelectronic properties, which can be attributed to numerous electron trapping sites created by atomic level defects in the microflower-like architecture.

Application of artificial neural network for prediction of Pb(II) adsorption characteristics.

The adsorption of Pb(II) onto the surface of microwave-assisted activated carbon was studied through a two-layer feedforward neural network. The activated carbon was developed by microwave activation of Acacia auriculiformis scrap wood char. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray difractometer.

Comparison of treated laterite as arsenic adsorbent from different locations and performance of best filter under field conditions.

Arsenic pollution in groundwater is a worldwide concern due to its chronic effects on human health. Numerous studies have been carried out to obtain cost-effective arsenic removal method. Adsorption using natural materials or its treated forms is found to be cost-effective technology.

Lipase applications in oil hydrolysis with a case study on castor oil: a review.

Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase) is a unique enzyme which can catalyze various types of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, alcoholysis etc. In particular, hydrolysis of vegetable oil with lipase as a catalyst is widely studied. Free lipase, lipase immobilized on suitable support, lipase encapsulated in a reverse micelle and lipase immobilized on a suitable membrane to be used in membrane reactor are the most common ways of employing lipase in oil hydrolysis.

Removal of As(V) using iron oxide impregnated carbon prepared from Tamarind hull.

Iron oxide impregnated tamarind hull carbon (IOITHC) was developed for use as an adsorbent for the removal of As(V) from water. Tamarind hull was used as the source of carbonaceous material, which was first treated with ferric chloride and ammonium hydroxide solutions with successive calcination at 873-974 K in a muffle furnace for 1 h to prepare an arsenic adsorbent. The B.

Surfactant enhanced ricinoleic acid production using Candida rugosa lipase.

In this study, ricinoleic acid was produced on surfactant enhanced castor oil hydrolysis using Candida rugosa lipase. The most effective surfactant was Span 80. Employing fractional factorial design, the most suitable temperature and surfactant concentration were found to be 31 degrees C and 0.

Modeling of arsenic adsorption kinetics of synthetic and contaminated groundwater on natural laterite.

A simple shrinking core model is applied to predict the adsorption kinetics of arsenite and arsenate species onto natural laterite (NL) in a stirred tank adsorber. The proposed model is a two-resistance model, in which two unknown parameters, external mass transfer coefficient (K(f)) and pore diffusion coefficient (D(e)) are estimated by comparing the simulation concentration profile with the experimental data using a nonlinear optimization technique. The model is applied under various operating conditions, e.

Maximization of bioconversion of castor oil into ricinoleic acid by response surface methodology.

In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize process variables like temperature, pH, enzyme concentration (mg/g oil), and buffer concentration (g/g oil) for hydrolysis of castor oil using Candida rugosa lipase. A 2(4) full factorial central composite design was used to develop the quadratic model that was subsequently optimized and the optimal conditions were as follows: temperature 40 degrees C, pH 7.72, enzyme concentration 5.

Ground and excited state complexation of ketocyanine dyes with alkaline earth metal ions.

Electronic absorption and emission spectral characteristics of two ketocyanine dyes have been studied in solution in the presence of alkaline earth metal ions. Absorption spectral studies indicate complex formation between the ions and the dyes in the ground state. Values of the equilibrium constant and the enthalpy change characterizing dye (S0)-metal ion interaction have been determined from the absorption spectral data.

Lithium ion-ketocyanine dye interactions in the ground and excited states.

Electronic absorption and emission spectral characteristics of a ketocyanine dye have been studied in solution in the presence of lithium perchlorate. Absorption spectral studies indicate complex formation between lithium ion and the dye in the ground state. The value of the equilibrium constant along with the molar absorbance of the absorbing species has been determined for the dye-cation interaction.

UV-vis spectroscopic study of interaction of metal ions with the E(T)(30) dye involving micellar media.

Interaction between 3d-transition metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) and the E(T)(30) dye, 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl 1-pyridino)phenolate in aqueous medium have been studied by distributing the dye between the aqueous and micellar phase formed by cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB). Values of equilibrium constant K for the dye-metal ion interaction and the partition coefficient of the dye between the micellar and the aqueous phase have been determined. K values show a systematic correlation with ionic potential of metal ions.

Adsorption study for the removal of a basic dye: experimental and modeling.

An effective adsorbent is developed from saw dust and its various adsorption characteristics are studied for removing a basic dye (crystal violet) from its aqueous solution. Equilibrium data are fitted to various adsorption isotherms. It is seen that about 341 mg of crystal violet can be removed using 1g of the adsorbent at 298 K.