SCOPE11 Method for Estimating Aircraft Black Carbon Mass and Particle Number Emissions.

Black carbon (BC) emissions from aircraft engines lead to an increase in the atmospheric burden of fine particulate matter (PM). Exposure to PM from sources, including aviation, is associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, and BC suspended in the atmosphere has a warming impact on the climate. BC particles emitted from aircraft also serve as nuclei for contrail ice particles, which are a major component of aviation's climate impact.