Challenges in device closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus in infants weighing less than 6 kg.

Introduction: Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has replaced surgery in most institutions. Despite improvements in techniques and the devices available, closure of large PDA in very small infants remains a challenge.

Aim: To assess the challenges, feasibility, and efficacy of device closure of large PDA, in infants weighing ≤6 kg.

Congenital absence of right superior vena cava: a "stomach" within the heart.

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Isolated left ventricular noncompaction mimicking ventricular mass.

Isolated left ventricular noncompaction is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by multiple prominent trabeculations with deep intertrabecular recesses. The diagnosis is often missed because echocardiography poses inherent problems of poor echo window in assessment of the LV apex, which is most commonly involved in noncompaction. We report a case in which conventional 2D echocardiography failed to demonstrate multiple prominent trabeculations.