Production, Delivery, and Regulatory Aspects for Application of Plant-Based Anti-microbial Peptides: a Comprehensive Review.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, positively charged biomolecules produced by various organisms such as animals, microbes, and plants. These AMPs play a significant role in defense mechanisms and protect from adverse conditions. The emerging problem of drug resistance in microbes poses a global health challenge in treating diseases.

The Impact of Poststroke Aphasia on Quality of Life: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the impact of aphasia on quality of life (QoL) in persons with ischemic stroke per radiological severity, compare equally severe but nonaphasic stroke survivors, and analyze the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) exposure Methods: Patients with first-ever middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke were categorized by radiological severity into high, intermediate, and low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). The Stroke Aphasia Quality of Life (SAQoL) Scale was used for outcome analysis. Inclusion criteria were age 40-65, 12-16 months after stroke, MCA distribution, first stroke, and ischemic stroke.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Myositis.

Myositis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is an infrequent, potentially fatal, immune-related adverse event. It has higher incidence in patients who receive combination ICI therapy compared to monotherapy. Patients can present with clinical manifestation symptoms of myositis alone or in combination with myocarditis and/or myasthenia gravis, which significantly worsens the course and prognosis.

Acidified groundnut cake for enhanced bio adsorption of anionic textile dye Reactive Red 195.

This study focuses on the improvement of bioremediation of textile dye Reactive Red 195 using agro-industrial waste, groundnut oil cake (GNOC) obtained after oil-pressing. The treatment of GNOC with 1 N HSO had resulted in physiochemical changes on the insoluble porous adsorbent, which improved their adsorption efficiency. The dye removal efficiency increased from 55% to 94% on acidification of GNOC.

Severe Lupus Enteritis Complicated by Intractable Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.

Lupus enteritis (LE) is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus manifesting with nonspecific symptoms, laboratory derangements, and imaging findings. Rarely, LE may progress to bowel perforation, hemorrhage, and even death. Treatment with systemic glucocorticoids often results in rapid clinical improvement, but patients may require further immunosuppression.

Bone-Targeted Therapy Regimen and Skeletal-Related Events in Patients Surviving Longer Than 2 Years With Metastatic Breast Cancer and Bone Metastasis.

Background: Bone-targeted therapy (BTT) including zoledronic acid (ZA) and denosumab decreases the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and bone metastasis. The impacts from prolonged BTT on SREs and BTT-associated harms are unknown and are becoming important to understand as these patients survive for longer periods.

Methods And Materials: We conducted a retrospective study of 224 patients with MBC and bone metastasis who survived for more than 2 years after diagnosis and received treatment at our institution between 2016 and 2021.

Anterior hypothalamic parvalbumin neurons are glutamatergic and promote escape behavior.

The anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) is a critical structure for defensive responding. Here, we identified a cluster of parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the AHA (AHA) that are glutamatergic with fast-spiking properties and send axonal projections to the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMD). Using in vivo functional imaging, optogenetics, and behavioral assays, we determined the role of these AHA neurons in regulating behaviors essential for survival.

Unraveling the prevalence of various signalling pathways in non-small-cell lung cancer: a review.

Cancer has become a huge public health issue all around the world. The focus of research is on innovative cancer therapy techniques that include the disease's unique targets. Among the cancer-related deaths that occur, lung cancer is considered to be one of the major, accounting for about 1.

Auditory Brainstem Implants in Children with Inner Ear Anomalies: An Indian Perspective.

Auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) is a viable option for individuals with inner ear anomalies, or other retro-cochlear pathologies, where cochlear implantation is not a suitable option. Although ABI has its advantages in those populations, most often, ABI is not recommended or accepted by the patients because of its limitations and shortcoming such as open-set word recognition in auditory mode, limited infrastructures for carrying out ABI surgery, and the high cost of implantation. This review highlights the benefits in non-tumor patients with ABI surgery and possible reasons for the limited acceptance of the ABI device from an Indian perspective.

Cranial base parameters in adults with skeletal class I and class II skeletal pattern.

Objective: Cranial base parameters exhibit wide variations. This study evaluated cranial base morphological characteristics of class II and class I malocclusions to identify risk factors for class II skeletal malocclusions.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 30 class I adults and 30 class II adults and collected their lateral cephalograms.

Regulation of body weight and food intake by AGRP neurons during opioid dependence and abstinence in mice.

Dysregulation of body weight maintenance and opioid dependence are often treated as independent disorders. Here, we assessed the effects of both acute and long-term administration of morphine with and without chemogenetic activation of agouti-related peptide (AGRP)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC neurons) to elucidate whether morphine and neuronal activation affect feeding behavior and body weight. First, we characterized interactions of opioids and energy deficit in wild-type mice.

A pharmacological exploration of targeted drug therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the prime cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with a contribution of 85% from non-small cell lung cancer. Before a few decades back, conventional chemotherapy was the most chosen treatment option for NSCLC but with side effects. Now, the treatment approaches have shifted to a new trend, targeted therapy, and a better treatment strategy with minimal side effects compared to chemotherapy.

Microalbuminuria in Patients with Hypertension Visiting Tertiary Care Centre, Western Nepal.

Background: Renal complications of hypertension are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prediction of such complications at the earliest is of utmost importance. We aimed to assess the prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients.

Outcomes from the Use of Targeted Interventions to Increase Meningococcal Vaccination Rates in a Pediatric Clinic.

Background: Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening illness that can cause sequelae such as neurological impairment, hearing loss, seizures, limb amputations, and scarring. Adolescents and young adults are at highest risk for contracting this disease which comes with a case-fatality ratio of 10-15%. Common serogroups in the United States are B, C, W, and Y, which are covered by two separate vaccines administered in a two-dose series.

Lipid Profile and Ultrasonographic Grading in Alcoholic and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Patients.

Background Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a common and major chronic liver disease. It has been implicated that patients have disorders of lipid metabolism and are involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Hence, it was designed to observe the association between lipid profile and fatty liver disease.

Effects of diurnal changes on temporal processing in morning-type and evening-type individuals with normal hearing.

Objective: The present study aims at determining the influence of diurnal changes in duration discrimination and temporal resolution in the morning- and evening-type individuals with normal hearing sensitivity.

Method: Sixty individuals with normal hearing were divided into morning, evening and intermediate types using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Tests for Duration discrimination, Gap detection, and Temporal modulation transfer function were carried out in all the participants during morning and evening.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Instrumentation for Removal of Gutta-percha and Sealers in Endodontic Retreatment: An Study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of different instrumentation for removal of gutta-percha and sealers in endodontic retreatment.

Materials And Methods: A total of single-rooted mandibular premolars were collected. Access opening was performed in all specimens.

Iodine Status among Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroid Patients by Urinary Iodine Assay: A Case-Control Study.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the differences of iodine status as measured by urinary iodine excretion (UIE) between cases of hypothyroidism and healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in cases with subclinical hypothyroidism ( = 58) and overt hypothyroidism ( = 41) and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy euthyroid controls ( = 52) attending Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal. Serum free triiodothyronine (fT), free thyroxine (fT), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by competitive ELISA and sandwich ELISA, respectively (Diametra, Italy).

Association of Thyroid Profile and Prolactin Level in Patient with Secondary Amenorrhea.

Background: Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. It has multiple social consequences as it may leads to infertility. This case control study was conducted for determining the association of thyroid hormones with hyperprolactinemia in patient with amenorrhea.

Association between serum uric acid, urinary albumin excretion, and glycated hemoglobin in Type 2 diabetic patient.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency or peripheral resistance resulting in hyperglycemia. Poor glycemic control leads to diabetic complications. Hyperuricemia has been reported with increased risk of renal insufficiency.

Comparative study of glycated hemoglobin by ion exchange chromatography and affinity binding nycocard reader in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to compare the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients by two different methods namely Ion Exchange Chromatography and Affinity Binding Nycocard Reader. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 100) who visited Out Patients Department of the Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal from November 2012 to March 2013. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was done on the basis of their fasting (164.