Correction: Molecular species delimitation of shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus (Anura, Rhacophoridae).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Emerging threat of ranavirus: prevalence, genetic diversity, and climatic drivers of () in ectothermic vertebrates of Asia.

Introduction: Ranavirus disease, caused by viruses within the genus (), is considered a globally emerging infectious disease linked to mass mortality events in both wild and cultured ectothermic vertebrates. Surveillance work is, however, limited in Asia hence prevalence and the dynamics of the disease remain poorly understood. To understand disease burden and the potential biotic and abiotic drivers in southern China region, we conducted a systematic surveillance of the ranavirus across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region (GAR).

Associations of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis with skin bacteria and fungi on Asian amphibian hosts.

Amphibian skin harbors microorganisms that are associated with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes chytridiomycosis, one of the most significant wildlife diseases known. This pathogen originated in Asia, where diverse Bd lineages exist; hence, native amphibian hosts have co-existed with Bd over long time periods. Determining the nuances of this co-existence is crucial for understanding the prevalence and spread of Bd from a microbial context.

Ecological Barriers for an Amphibian Pathogen: A Narrow Ecological Niche for in an Asian Chytrid Hotspot.

The chytrid fungal pathogens () and () are driving amphibian extinctions and population declines worldwide. As their origins are believed to be in East/Southeast Asia, this region is crucial for understanding their ecology. However, screening is relatively limited in this region, particularly in hotspots where lineage diversity is high.

The two chytrid pathogens of amphibians in Eurasia-climatic niches and future expansion.

Background: Climate affects the thermal adaptation and distribution of hosts, and drives the spread of Chytridiomycosis-a keratin-associated infectious disease of amphibians caused by the sister pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidi (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal). We focus on their climate-pathogen relationships in Eurasia, the only region where their geographical distributions overlap.

Adapting to Novel Environments Together: Evolutionary and Ecological Correlates of the Bacterial Microbiome of the World's Largest Cavefish Diversification (Cyprinidae, ).

The symbiosis between a host and its microbiome is essential for host fitness, and this association is a consequence of the host's physiology and habitat. , the largest cavefish diversification of the world, an emerging multi-species model system for evolutionary novelty, provides an excellent opportunity for examining correlates of host evolutionary history, habitat, and gut-microbial community diversity. From the diversification-scale patterns of habitat occupation, major phylogenetic clades (A-D), geographic distribution, and knowledge from captive-maintained populations, we hypothesize habitat to be the major determinant of microbiome diversity, with phylogeny playing a lesser role.

Patterns of infection, origins, and transmission of ranaviruses among the ectothermic vertebrates of Asia.

Ranaviral infections, a malady of ectothermic vertebrates, are becoming frequent, severe, and widespread, causing mortality among both wild and cultured species, raising odds of species extinctions and economic losses. This increase in infection is possibly due to the broad host range of ranaviruses and the transmission of these pathogens through regional and international trade in Asia, where outbreaks have been increasingly reported over the past decade. Here, we focus attention on the origins, means of transmission, and patterns of spread of this infection within the region.

Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the freshwater-fish genus Pethia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka.

Background: Sri Lanka is a continental island separated from India by the Palk Strait, a shallow-shelf sea, which was emergent during periods of lowered sea level. Its biodiversity is concentrated in its perhumid south-western 'wet zone'. The island's freshwater fishes are dominated by the Cyprinidae, characterized by small diversifications of species derived from dispersals from India.

Molecular species delimitation of shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus (Anura, Rhacophoridae).

Sri Lanka is an amphibian hotspot of global significance. Its anuran fauna is dominated by the shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus. Except for one small clade of four species in Peninsular India, these cool-wet adapted frogs, numbering some 59 extant species, are distributed mainly across the montane and lowland rain forests of the island.

Undocumented translocations spawn taxonomic inflation in Sri Lankan fire rasboras (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae).

A recent (2013) taxonomic review of the freshwater-fish genus , which is endemic to Sri Lanka, showed it to comprise four species: , , and Here, using an integrative-taxonomic analysis of morphometry, meristics and mitochondrial DNA sequences of () and (), we show that is a synonym of , and that is a synonym of The creation and recognition of unnecessary taxa ('taxonomic inflation') was in this case a result of selective sampling confounded by a disregard of allometry. The population referred to in the Walawe river basin represents an undocumented trans-basin translocation of , and a translocation into the Mahaweli river of , documented to have occurred 1980, in fact involves A shared haplotype suggests the latter introduction was likely made from the Bentara river basin and not from the Kelani, as claimed. To stabilize the taxonomy of these fishes, the two valid species, and , are diagnosed and redescribed, and their distributions delineated.