Molecular profiling of frontal and occipital subcortical white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer's disease.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are commonly detected on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, occurring in both typical aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite their frequent appearance and their association with cognitive decline in AD, the molecular factors contributing to WMHs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of two commonly affected brain regions with coincident AD pathology-frontal subcortical white matter (frontal-WM) and occipital subcortical white matter (occipital-WM)-and compared with age-matched cognitively intact controls.

Injectable vancomycin loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan hydrogel for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive opportunistic pathogen and a major cause for bacterial septic arthritis. Vancomycin is the preferred antibiotic for the treatment of methicillin resistance S.

Electrospun nanofibers of collagen and chitosan for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications: A review.

Tissue engineering plays a vital role in the medical field that addresses the repair, regeneration, and replacement of damaged tissues or organs. The development of drug-eluting electrospun nanofiber composed of biological macromolecules plays a key role in providing localized drug delivery and structural support. This review examines the recent development and impact of electrospun nanofibers in the field of tissue engineering and explores their potential applications.

Chemically modified chitosan as a functional biomaterial for drug delivery system.

Chitosan is a natural polymer that can degrade in the environment and support green chemistry. It displays superior biocompatibility, easy access, and easy modification due to the reactive amino groups to transform or improve the physical and chemical properties. Chitosan can be chemically modified to enhance its properties, such as water solubility and biological activity.

Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Periodontal Regenerative Substitute.

Background: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are distinctive homogenous subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has its development from neural ectomesenchyme along with contributions from the perifollicular mesenchyme and the dental follicle proper. GMSCs stand apart from other dental MSCs owing to their ease of accessibility and availability with incredible long culture sustainability without any tumorigenic capability, and stable telomerase activity. Their capacity to differentiate into various cell lineages and inherent therapeutic effect in chronic inflammatory diseases like colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and diabetes makes them immensely valuable.

Astrocyte transcriptomic changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Astrocytes are crucial to brain homeostasis, yet their changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology remain unexplored. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 628,943 astrocytes from five brain regions representing the stereotypical progression of AD pathology across 32 donors spanning the entire normal aging to severe AD continuum. We mapped out several unique astrocyte subclusters that exhibited varying responses to neuropathology across the AD-vulnerable neural network (spatial axis) or AD pathology stage (temporal axis).

Multifunctional Tasks and an Energy Crisis are Crucial Players in Determining the Vulnerability of the Entorhinal Cortex to Early Damage in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder that affects synaptic transmission between neurons. Several theories and concepts have been postulated to explain its etiology and pathogenesis. The disease has no cure, and the drugs available to manage AD symptoms provide only modest benefits.

Biomimetic kartogenin containing κ-carrageenan hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a clinical disease that reduces the quality of patient's life. The degeneration usually initiates in the nucleus pulposus (NP), hence the use of hydrogels represents a promising therapeutic approach. However, the viscoelastic nature of hydrogel and its ability to provide biomimetic architecture and biochemical cues influence the regeneration capability.

Control and recalibration of path integration in place cells using optic flow.

Hippocampal place cells are influenced by both self-motion (idiothetic) signals and external sensory landmarks as an animal navigates its environment. To continuously update a position signal on an internal 'cognitive map', the hippocampal system integrates self-motion signals over time, a process that relies on a finely calibrated path integration gain that relates movement in physical space to movement on the cognitive map. It is unclear whether idiothetic cues alone, such as optic flow, exert sufficient influence on the cognitive map to enable recalibration of path integration, or if polarizing position information provided by landmarks is essential for this recalibration.

Molecular profiling of frontal and occipital subcortical white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer's disease.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are commonly detected on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, occurring in both typical aging and Alzheimer's disease. Despite their frequent appearance and their association with cognitive decline, the molecular factors contributing to WMHs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of two commonly affected brain regions with coincident AD pathology-frontal subcortical white matter (frontal-WM) and occipital subcortical white matter (occipital-WM)-and compared with age-matched healthy controls.

DDA-SSNets: Dual decoder attention-based semantic segmentation networks for COVID-19 infection segmentation and classification using chest X-Ray images.

Background: COVID-19 needs to be diagnosed and staged to be treated accurately. However, prior studies' diagnostic and staging abilities for COVID-19 infection needed to be improved. Therefore, new deep learning-based approaches are required to aid radiologists in detecting and quantifying COVID-19-related lung infections.

Cryopreservation of cerebrospinal fluid cells preserves the transcriptional landscape for single-cell analysis.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) matrix biomarkers have become increasingly valuable surrogate markers of neuropsychiatric diseases in research and clinical practice. In contrast, CSF cells have been rarely investigated due to their relative scarcity and fragility, and lack of common collection and cryopreservation protocols, with limited exceptions for neurooncology and primary immune-based diseases like multiple sclerosis. the advent of a microfluidics-based multi-omics approach to studying individual cells has allowed for the study of cellular phenotyping, intracellular dynamics, and intercellular relationships that provide multidimensionality unable to be obtained through acellular fluid-phase analyses.

Alzheimer DataLENS: An Open Data Analytics Portal for Alzheimer's Disease Research.

Background: Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) discoveries are increasingly based on studies from a variety of omics technologies on large cohorts. Currently, there is no easily accessible resource for neuroscientists to browse, query, and visualize these complex datasets in a harmonized manner.

Objective: Create an online portal of public omics datasets for AD research.

Cryptic splicing of stathmin-2 and UNC13A mRNAs is a pathological hallmark of TDP-43-associated Alzheimer's disease.

Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic accumulations of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are pathological hallmarks in almost all patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and up to 50% of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, TDP-43 pathology is predominantly observed in the limbic system and correlates with cognitive decline and reduced hippocampal volume. Disruption of nuclear TDP-43 function leads to abnormal RNA splicing and incorporation of erroneous cryptic exons in numerous transcripts including Stathmin-2 (STMN2, also known as SCG10) and UNC13A, recently reported in tissues from patients with ALS and FTD.

Pharmaceutical characterization and exploration of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Background: The diverse specificity mode of cancer treatment targets and chemo resistance demands the necessity of drug entities which can address the devastating dynamicity of the disease.

Objectives: To check the anti-tumour potential of traditional medicine rich in polyherbal components and metal nanoparticle namely Arkeshwara rasa (AR).

Material Methods: The AR was prepared in a modified version with reference from Rasaratna Samuchaya and characterized using sophisticated instrumental analysis including XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM, TGA-DSC, and LC-MS and tested against the MDA-MB-231 cell line to screen cell viability and the cytotoxicity with MTT, SRB and the AO assay.

Preliminary data on cytotoxicity and functional group assessment of a herb-mineral combination against colorectal carcinoma cell line.

Objectives: The invasive screening methods and the late stage diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are contributing for the devastative prognosis. The gradual shift of the disease pattern among younger generations requires the implementation of phytochemicals and traditional medicines. (AR) is a herb-mineral combination of /incinerated copper ashes and /mercury sulphide levigated with leaf juice, root decoction and the decoction of three myrobalans (, , decoction)/ decoction.

Antiseptic Chitosan-Poly(hexamethylene) Biguanide Hydrogel for the Treatment of Infectious Wounds.

Topical wound infections create the ideal conditions for microbial colonization and growth in terms of moisture, temperature, and nutrients. When they are not protected, numerous types of bacteria from the internal microbiota and the external environment may colonize them, creating a polymicrobial population. Treatment of these wounds often necessitates the use of antibiotics that may have systemic harmful effects.

Type 2 Diabetes and Precursors in Community Dwelling Asian Indian Adult Youth.

Background: Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of Type-2-diabetes (T2DM) (24%) and prediabetes (18.1%) in Kerala. There is no community based study from South Asia regarding the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its precursors in the young adult population.

A Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Wear Against Different Surface Finished Ceramics: An In Vitro Study.

Background: An essential factor in the clinical acceptability of all ceramic restorations is the degree of tooth enamel wear. Wear of human enamel has been shown to produce traumatic occlusion, loss of vertical dimension, supra eruption of opposing teeth, periodontal disintegration, and temporomandibular dysfunction. To assess and compare enamel wear against two different ceramics (IPS Empress and Zirconia) and against three different ceramic surface treatments (autoglazed, overglazed, and polished).

Reference range for glycated haemoglobin in full term non diabetic pregnant women: a multicentric cross sectional study.

Background: There are no large studies to define the normal value of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measured in full term pregnant women measured at the time of delivery.

Research Design And Methods: The study was conducted at three government hospitals in South India. Clinical data, maternal blood sample and foetal cord blood sample were collected from women admitted for safe confinement.

Injectable Pectin-Alginate Hydrogels for Improving Vascularization and Adipogenesis of Human Fat Graft.

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is the most prevailing tool for soft tissue regeneration in clinics, although efficiency is limited to unpredictable volume resorption due to poor vascularization and eventual necrosis. This study sought to improve the AFG efficiency using a hydrogel as a carrier for human fat graft (F) with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is clinically well known for the local release of several endogenous growth factors and has been in clinical use already.

Overcoming multidrug resistance by reversan and exterminating glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem cells by delivering drug-loaded nanostructure hybrid lipid capsules (nHLCs).

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is regarded as a highly aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis. There is an increase in the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR), making it a potential target for improving drug responses. Additionally, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) increase resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and play a major role in cancer relapse.

Nano-based formulations of curcumin: elucidating the potential benefits and future prospects in skin cancer.

Skin cancer refers to any malignant lesions that occur in the skin and are observed predominantly in populations of European descent. Conventional treatment modalities such as excision biopsy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, electrodesiccation, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) induce several unintended side effects which affect a patient's quality of life and physical well-being. Therefore, spice-derived nutraceuticals like curcumin, which are well tolerated, less expensive, and relatively safe, have been considered a promising agent for skin cancer treatment.

Endothelial Cells Are Heterogeneous in Different Brain Regions and Are Dramatically Altered in Alzheimer's Disease.

Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining brain health, but their contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is obscured by limited understanding of the cellular heterogeneity in normal aged brain and in disease. To address this, we performed single nucleus RNAseq on tissue from 32 human AD and non-AD donors (19 female, 13 male) each with five cortical regions: entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, visual association cortex, and primary visual cortex. Analysis of 51,586 endothelial cells revealed unique gene expression patterns across the five regions in non-AD donors.

Cough remedy leading to chronic cough: An unusual airway foreign body-Clove.

The spectrum of presentation of airway foreign body can vary from having mild symptoms to sudden death. Smaller foreign body in distal airways, especially if the patient is unaware of aspiration can result in chronic symptoms mimicking asthma. Clove, has been used traditionally for its medicinal values and commonly used as a cough remedy.