Characterization of liposomal carriers for the trans-scleral transport of Ranibizumab.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the modern world. The standard treatment regimen for neovascular AMD is the monthly/bimonthly intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents such as ranibizumab or aflibercept. However, these repeated invasive injections can lead to sight-threatening complications.

Drug, delivery and devices for diabetic retinopathy (3Ds in DR).

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness among the working population worldwide. Clearly, there is an unmet clinical need to find better treatment options for DR. Areas covered: The literature search was conducted on PubMed with no limitation on language or year of publication.

Nanomedicine for glaucoma: sustained release latanoprost offers a new therapeutic option with substantial benefits over eyedrops.

Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy that is characterized by optic nerve changes and visual field loss. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main modifiable risk factor. Chronic instillation of daily eyedrops to lower IOP is the primary treatment of choice, although it requires patient adherence and correct performance.

Sustained-release from nanocarriers: a review.

Nanocarriers have been explored for delivering drugs and other bioactive molecules for well over 35years. Since the introduction of Doxil®, a nanoliposomal delivery system for the cancer drug doxorubicin, several products have been approved worldwide. The majority of these products focus on cancer chemotherapy, and utilize the size advantage of nanocarriers to obtain a favourable distribution of the drug carrier in the human body.

Sustained drug release in nanomedicine: a long-acting nanocarrier-based formulation for glaucoma.

Therapeutic nanomedicine has concentrated mostly on anticancer therapy by making use of the nanosize for targeted therapy. Such nanocarriers are not expected to have sustained release of the bioactive molecule beyond a few days. There are other conditions where patients can benefit from sustained duration of action following a single instillation, but achieving this has been difficult in nanosized carriers.

Nanomedicine for glaucoma: liposomes provide sustained release of latanoprost in the eye.

Purpose: To report the development and therapeutic evaluation of a liposomal nanocarrier for sustained release of latanoprost, in the rabbit eye.

Methods: We fabricated latanoprost-loaded egg-phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) liposomes using the film hydration technique. The delivery vehicles were nano-sized (Z avg = 109 ± 18 nm), had a narrow poly dispersity index (PDI = 0.

Sustained release of an anti-glaucoma drug: demonstration of efficacy of a liposomal formulation in the rabbit eye.

Topical medication remains the first line treatment of glaucoma; however, sustained ocular drug delivery via topical administration is difficult to achieve. Most drugs have poor penetration due to the multiple physiological barriers of the eye and are rapidly cleared if applied topically. Currently, daily topical administration for lowering the intra-ocular pressure (IOP), has many limitations, such as poor patient compliance and ocular allergy from repeated drug administration.

Polymer- and liposome-based nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery.

This review focuses on polymer- and liposome-based nanoparticles used in targeted delivery of bioactive molecules, from drugs to siRNA to pDNA. The perspective centers around commercial and clinical successes, and a rationalization of these successes. Microparticulate systems are not covered, and only those applications that truly utilize the advantages of nano size are covered.

Folate targeting of drug carriers: a mathematical model.

The binding of folate-targeted drug carriers to a receptor-bearing cell surface is modeled using a deterministic approach. The model accounts for the presence of multiple folate ligands on the carrier surface, the anchoring and presentation of the ligands on flexible polymeric tethers, and the combination of both clustered and homogeneous spatial distributions of receptors on the cell surface. The model was validated against an experimental system where folate-bearing liposomes were used as delivery vehicles to deliver drug to tumor cells in vitro.

Controlled targeting of liposomal doxorubicin via the folate receptor in vitro.

Differential expression of folate receptor has been exploited to target liposomes to tumors. Astrogliomas express low folate receptor levels and are typically surrounded by normal cells expressing little or no folate receptors. While targeting cells with high over-expression of folate receptor (KB and HeLa) has been demonstrated, it is unclear whether targeting tumors expressing low levels of folate receptor is possible.