Visible light-assisted chemistry of vinyl azides and its applications in organic synthesis.

Vinyl azides have emerged as highly versatile precursors in organic synthesis due to their rich reactivity driven by the excellent leaving-group ability of molecular nitrogen. Over the years, significant advancement has been achieved in the manipulation of vinyl azides for the construction of C-C and C-X bonds. Typical methods involve the application of transition metals and strong oxidants for the conversion of vinyl azides into useful compounds employing harsh reaction conditions coupled with intense product purification.

Does Timing Matter?: Timing and Outcomes Among Early Unplanned PICU Transfers.

Background: Many institutions track early ICU transfers (transfer from an inpatient floor to an ICU within 24 hours of admission) as a marker of quality of emergency department (ED) care. There are limited data evaluating whether patient characteristics or clinical outcomes differ on the basis of timing of ICU transfer within this 24-hour window.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining all patients ≤21 years old admitted to an inpatient pediatric floor from the ED and subsequently transferred to an ICU within 24 hours of hospitalization.

Switchgrass as oil and water-spill sorbent: Effect of particle size, torrefaction, and regeneration methods.

Switchgrass, both raw and torrefied, was tested for its ability to sorb water or oil. The cyclic performance was also examined, utilizing centrifugal extraction as the regeneration method. Both oil and water sorption capacity increase with the decreasing size of raw switchgrass particles.

Implementation of a Workplace-Based Assessment System to Measure Performance of the Core Entrustable Professional Activities in the Pediatric Clerkship.

Objective: The Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (Core EPAs) were developed to address the gap between medical school and residency. There is a lack of instruments to measure performance of the Core EPAs in clerkships. We describe the operationalization and outcomes of a workplace-based assessment (WBA) system to measure performance of the Core EPAs in the pediatrics clerkship.

Advanced visualizations to interpret prescription drug monitoring program information.

Objectives: Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are state-based databases that contain information about controlled substance prescriptions dispensed by pharmacies. Many states now mandate PDMP use by prescribers, despite unclear effectiveness. We hypothesize that it is possible to improve the interpretability, and hence effectiveness, of PDMPs by enhancing them.

Pediatric ICU Transfers Within 24 Hours of Admission From the Emergency Department: Rate of Transfer, Outcomes, and Clinical Characteristics.

Background: There is a paucity of data describing pediatric patients transferred to an ICU within 24 hours of hospital admission from the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≤21 years old transferred from an inpatient floor to an ICU within 24 hours of ED disposition from 2007 to 2016 in a tertiary children's hospital. Patients transferred to an ICU after planned operative procedures were excluded.

Drug formulary decision-making: Ethnographic study of 3 pharmacy and therapeutics committees.

Purpose: An ethnographic study of 3 pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committees was conducted to characterize the process by which evidence is weighted and decisions are made.

Methods: We recorded discussions and conducted an analysis of the transcripts from the 3 P&T committees for a 1-year period. We examined the content and ideas expressed during deliberations and synthesized themes to give a broader picture of the issues arising.