Association of Computed Tomography Scan-Assessed Body Composition with Immune and PI3K/AKT Pathway Proteins in Distinct Breast Cancer Tumor Components.

This hypothesis-generating study aims to examine the extent to which computed tomography-assessed body composition phenotypes are associated with immune and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways in breast tumors. A total of 52 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were classified into four body composition types: adequate (lowest two tertiles of total adipose tissue [TAT]) and highest two tertiles of total skeletal muscle [TSM] areas); high adiposity (highest tertile of TAT and highest two tertiles of TSM); low muscle (lowest tertile of TSM and lowest two tertiles of TAT); and high adiposity with low muscle (highest tertile of TAT and lowest tertile of TSM). Immune and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were profiled in tumor epithelium and the leukocyte-enriched stromal microenvironment using GeoMx (NanoString).

Association of computed tomography scan-assessed body composition with immune and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins in distinct breast cancer tumor components.

This hypothesis-generating study aims to examine the extent to which computed tomography-assessed body composition phenotypes are associated with immune and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in breast tumors. A total of 52 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were classified into four body composition types: adequate (lowest two tertiles of total adipose tissue [TAT]) and highest two tertiles of total skeletal muscle [TSM] areas); high adiposity (highest tertile of TAT and highest two tertiles of TSM); low muscle (lowest tertile of TSM and lowest two tertiles of TAT); and high adiposity with low muscle (highest tertile of TAT and lowest tertile of TSM). Immune and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were profiled in tumor epithelium and the leukocyte-enriched stromal microenvironment using GeoMx (NanoString).

Integrative spatial omics reveals distinct tumor-promoting multicellular niches and immunosuppressive mechanisms in African American and European American patients with TNBC.

Racial disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) outcomes have been reported. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these disparities remain unclear. We integrated imaging mass cytometry and spatial transcriptomics, to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of African American (AA) and European American (EA) patients with TNBC.

Surgical excision versus clinical follow-up: Outcomes of benign intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core needle biopsy.

Objective: To compare outcomes between benign intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core need biopsy that were excised (BIP-E) versus those that were followed-up (BIP-F) at our institution.

Methods: Patients were identified by an electronic data base search from January 2010 to October 2016. After exclusions, clinical, radiological and histologic variables were evaluated and biopsy and excision slides reviewed.

Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma to Uterine Leiomyoma: First Case Report and Review of Literature.

Metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (clear cell RCC) to the gynecologic tract is infrequent, and involvement of the uterus is extremely rare. A review of the literature identified a total of 12 reported examples with metastasis to the uterine serosa (1), endometrium (5), cervix (5) and only one with metastasis to the myometrium. This report represents the first case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving a clear cell RCC with metastasis to a uterine leiomyoma.

Melanoma in the Breast: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Although rare, breast metastases can mimic primary tumors, both clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically. Melanoma is a highly metastasizing tumor, and it is known as a great mimicker of tumors. Metastatic melanoma in the breast can mimic primary breast cancer and pose a diagnostic challenge.

Proteogenomic Approaches for the Identification of NF1/Neurofibromin-depleted Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancers for Targeted Treatment.

Unlabelled: NF1 is a key tumor suppressor that represses both RAS and estrogen receptor-α (ER) signaling in breast cancer. Blocking both pathways by fulvestrant (F), a selective ER degrader, together with binimetinib (B), a MEK inhibitor, promotes tumor regression in NF1-depleted ER models. We aimed to establish approaches to determine how NF1 protein levels impact B+F treatment response to improve our ability to identify B+F sensitive tumors.

Heterotopic Hepatic Tissue in the Placenta: A Case Report.

Heterotopic hepatic tissue in placenta or umbilical cord is rare. The exact mechanism by which this heterotopia occurs has not been fully understood but is thought to be related to yolk sac primordia. To date, a handful of such cases have been reported.

Endocervicosis in an Intramammary Lymph Node.

Benign müllerian inclusions are frequently encountered within infra-diaphragmatic locations such as pelvic lymph nodes, bladder, cervix and vagina. Supra-diaphragmatic müllerian inclusions, especially endocervicosis, are exceedingly rare. We report a case of endocervicosis within an intramammary lymph node in a 49-year-old woman.

How Do Pathologists in Academic Institutions Across the United States and Canada Evaluate Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer? A Practice Survey.

Objectives: There are little data on how changes in the clinical management of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer have influenced pathologist evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes.

Methods: A 14-question survey was sent to Canadian and US breast pathologists at academic institutions (AIs).

Results: Pathologists from 23 AIs responded.

HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy response after implementation of 2018 ASCO/CAP focused update.

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), a routinely tested breast cancer marker, is associated with worse prognosis yet increased sensitivity to targeted neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer patients. The presence of HER2 in breast carcinoma can be detected with either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH). In this study, we examine the relationship between clinicopathological features, HER2 detection method (IHC vs ISH), and prognostic outcomes in NAT-treated HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

Synovial Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Crystal-Associated Arthropathies.

Background/ Objective: This study seeks to assess the utility of synovial biopsy in the diagnosis of crystal-associated arthropathies (CAAs) in a clinical setting.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed biopsy reports involving synovial tissue between 1988 and 2015. We then reviewed the records of patients where the biopsy was performed for a clinical suspicion of CAA-the clinical group-and calculated the frequency of a positive diagnosis.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma With Extensive Clear Cells: A Pitfall in Diagnosis.

Carcinomas in the breast with a predominantly clear cytoplasm are rare. In this article, we review the differential diagnosis of clear cell breast neoplasms and report a case of invasive lobular carcinoma with extensive clear cell morphology that was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, on ultrasound-guided biopsy. Lobular carcinomas with extensive clear cell change are unusual, but must be considered when evaluating a clear cell neoplasm in the breast.

Myxoid Myofibroblastoma of the Breast With Atypical Cells.

The differential diagnosis of myxoid lesions in the breast is broad and includes both benign and malignant entities. Assessment is particularly challenging on core biopsy specimens. Myofibroblastoma, initially thought to be more common in the adult male breast, is being recognized with increasing frequency in the female breast.

Outcomes of benign intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core biopsy: a review of 104 cases with subsequent excision from a single institution.

A diagnosis of papilloma with atypia on core biopsy (CB) requires excision, as the risk of associated malignancy is high (average 36.9%). The management of benign intraductal papillomas (IP) diagnosed on CB is controversial due to varying upgradation rates (0-29%, average 7%) reported on excision.

Atypical Apocrine Adenosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls.

Apocrine change in the breast is an extremely common finding. In most cases, the benign or malignant nature of the lesion is easily recognized. Apocrine adenosis is used to describe sclerosing adenosis with apocrine change.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Masquerading as Metastatic Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare cervical inflammatory lymphadenitis that is most commonly seen in young Asian women. It is mainly characterized by lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, nocturnal sweats, myalgia, weight loss, and arthralgia, and commonly follows a self-limited course. The differential diagnosis is challenging as many other conditions such as malignant lymphoma, metastatic disease, tuberculosis and infectious lymphadenopathies can present in a similar way.

Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin producing osteosarcoma of the sacrum in a 26-year-old woman: a case report and review of the literature.

Ectopic secretion of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin is considered a poor prognostic marker in epithelial tumors. However, very few cases have been reported in sarcomas. We present the case of a 26-year-old female who presented with a metastatic osteosarcoma.

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of the breast mimicking fibroadenoma: a case report and differential diagnoses.

An 80-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in the right breast. Mammographic findings were consistent with calcified fibroadenoma. An ultrasound was performed that showed a solid nodule with peripheral calcification.

Molecular characteristics of meningiomas in a cohort of Indian patients: loss of heterozygosity analysis of chromosomes 22, 17, 14 and 10.

Background: Though, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 22q is considered to be the most likely initiating event in the formation of meningiomas, LOH at other chromosomes (1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14.17, and 18) have been implicated in its progression. The aim of this study was to analyze microsatellite markers on a select set of chromosomes including, 22q, 10q, 14q, and 17p for LOH in patients with meningiomas.