Prevalence and Determinants of Developmental Delay in Children of 12-36 Months in the Area of Primary Health Centre, Bela, Nagpur.

Background: Developmental delay happens when a child fails to attain age-appropriate milestones. Identification of developmental delay in children is important to initiate early intervention in them which will facilitate the children to have a productive life in their later years.

Objectives: The objective was to study the prevalence of developmental delay among 12-36-month-old children from the area of Primary Health Centre, Bela, in rural Nagpur, Maharashtra.

Preferences for induction of labor methods in India: a qualitative study of views and experiences of women, clinicians, and researchers.

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) is an increasingly common intervention, but experiences and preferences of induction methods are under-researched particularly in low -and middle-income countries. Understanding these perspectives is important to improve the childbirth experience.

Objective: To explore the experiences and preferences of IOL methods for women, clinicians, and researchers in the "Misoprostol or Oxytocin for Labour Induction" (MOLI) study.

Intention to Quit Tobacco due to Media Advertisements in India: Findings from Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2016-17.

Background: Tobacco has been among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In reducing tobacco consumption, media campaigns are crucial in raising awareness and encouraging individuals to quit. The present study aimed to profile participants of GATS-2, including tobacco usage patterns and media exposure, and explore the factors associated with quitting in the presence of media exposure.

Teleconsultation for Children With Developmental Disabilities During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Caregivers' Experience.

Background The unprecedented situation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown necessitated the need for teleconsultations with caregivers of children with disabilities. The objective of this study was to explore the acceptability, satisfaction, perceived relevance, and barriers to teleconsultation from a caregiver's perspective. Methodology This was a descriptive qualitative study (telephonic interviews) involving in-depth interviews (IDIs) with the caregivers of children with developmental disabilities who received teleconsultations.

Mapping the stability of febrile illness hotspots in Punjab from 2012 to 2019- a spatial clustering and regression analysis.

Introduction: Febrile illnesses (FI) represent a typical spectrum of diseases in low-resource settings, either in isolation or with other common symptoms. They contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in India. The primary objective was to study the burden of FI based on Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) data in Punjab, analyze geospatial and temporal trends and patterns, and identify the potential hotspots for effective intervention.

Patterns of exposure to smoked tobacco advertisements among youths in India and its association with smoked tobacco use: a Latent Class Analysis.

Objectives: Youths are exposed to multiple sources of tobacco advertisements. We sought to examine patterns of exposure to smoked tobacco advertisements through various modes among Indian youths and its association with smoked tobacco use.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design.

The Trend, Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Tuberculosis Undergoing Thoracic Surgery in the Kyrgyz Republic between 2017 and 2021.

Surgery has played an important role in managing complicated tuberculosis in former Soviet Union countries, including the Kyrgyz Republic. However, published information is limited. This study aimed to document the trend, characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis patients who underwent thoracic surgery, using routinely collected data.

Discharge Outcomes of Severely Sick Patients Hospitalized with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Comorbidities, and Serious Adverse Events in Kyrgyz Republic, 2020-2022.

Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) who have comorbidities, complications, and experience serious adverse events (SAEs) are at substantial risk of having unfavorable hospital outcomes. We assessed characteristics and discharge outcomes of 138 MDR-TB patients hospitalized in the National Referral Center of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, from January 2020 to August 2022. The main clinical characteristics included pulmonary complications (23%), malnutrition (33%), severe anemia (17%), diabetes mellitus (13%), viral hepatitis B and C (5%), and HIV infection (3%).

Second Hand Smoke Exposure among Children in Indian Homes: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey.

Children are vulnerable to second hand smoke (SHS) exposure because of limited control over their indoor environment, especially at homes. This study determines the magnitude, patterns and determinants of SHS exposure in the home among children in India. Data collected under the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, a household survey of adults ≥15 years of age during 2016-2017 conducted in India were analyzed to estimate the proportion of children exposed to SHS in their homes.

Symptomatology and Relationship Between Symptoms and Duration Among COVID-19 Patients in a COVID-19 Care Hospital in Central India.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world population across the globe. India has the secondlargest number of cases and the thirdlargest number of deaths due to COVID-19 in the world. There have been close to 4.

Prevalence and Predictors of Hardcore Smoking in India-: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-2017).

Background: Hardcore smokers are of significant public health concern having a greater risk of developing tobacco-related diseases.

Objective: This study aimed to identify burden of hardcore smokers, its distribution, and determinants in India.

Subjects And Methods: Analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey India 2016-2017 data was carried out.

National sample surveys show poor households face catastrophic expenditure for oral healthcare services in India.

Introduction: Globally people pay out-of-pocket (OOP) to access Oral healthcare services. In India, there is limited evidence on estimates of OOP expenditure. We undertook an analysis of national sample survey data on household health care expenditure to understand the expenditure pattern for Oral healthcare services and the catastrophic burden.

How effective was implementation of the package of essential non-communicable disease (PEN) interventions: A review of evidence?

Aims: This paper reviewed the outcomes, cost-effectiveness and challenges of implementation of WHO PEN protocol in LMICs.

Methods: MEDLINE databases, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar were searched and content analysis of the included studies was done.

Results: A total of 14 articles were included.

The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among miners from the Karonga, Rumphi, Kasungu and Lilongwe Districts of Malawi in 2019.

Introduction: Miners in sub-Saharan Africa have a greater risk of tuberculosis (TB) than any other working population in the world. In spite of the presence of large and vulnerable population of miners in Malawi, no previous study has aimed to assess the burden of TB among these miners. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and health-seeking behaviour (HSB) in a population of miners in Malawi, and a range of associated factors.

Insights from national survey on household expenditure for primary healthcare services availed through informal healthcare providers.

Introduction: Ensuring accessible and affordable primary healthcare services of optimal quality is a core component of universal health coverage (UHC). Though a substantial percentage of population avail healthcare services from informal healthcare providers (IHPs) in rural India, the information regarding the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure during such encounters is limited.

Method: The study analyzed publicly available data of 75 National Sample Survey (NSS) to understand the household expenditure pattern on availing service from IHPs.

Is publication ethics becoming a casualty of Covid-19?

Public health emergencies require real-time, accurate information to guide effective and timely responses. This calls for rapid and timely publication of information to promote both its scientific validity and societal value. On the other hand, rapid publication poses a potential threat to the integrity of the information published.

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of digital chest X-ray images between PACS and WhatsApp Messenger in resource poor setting.

Purpose: Many underserved remote locations without specialists would benefit from the ability to quickly and easily share images of radiographs with trained radiologists using WhatsApp messenger. However, there is limited evidence on the role of WhatsApp messenger for sharing chest x-ray (CXR) images to aid diagnosis and management. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and inter-observer agreement of WhatsApp messenger images of digital CXR compared to viewing on Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) monitor.

Rising Catastrophic Expenditure on Households Due to Tuberculosis: Is India Moving Away From the END-TB Goal?

One of the targets of the END-TB strategy is to ensure zero catastrophic expenditure on households due to TB. The information about household catastrophic expenditure is limited in India and, therefore difficult to monitor. The objective is to estimate household and catastrophic expenditure for Tuberculosis using national sample survey data.

Socio-demographic correlates of quit attempts and successful quitting among smokers in India: Analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2016-17.

Background: MPOWER is a policy package of six components intended to assist in the country-level implementation of effective tobacco control interventions. One of the six components of MPOWER strategy is to offer help to quit tobacco use. Majority of the smokers want to quit, but quitting is difficult due to the addictiveness of nicotine.

Mobile digital x-ray and portable cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test machines for point-of-care diagnosis of TB in rural India.

Background: There is no experience of point-of-care (POC) microbiological confirmation for TB in India in field settings.

Methods: Under the TB-Free Haryana project, a mobile van-mounted digital x-ray and portable GeneXpert system screened all presumptive TB patients with strong clinic-radiological suspicion for TB.

Results: Of 1673 x-rays, 215 (13%) had findings suggestive of TB, 109 had strong clinical suspicion and were eligible for POC GeneXpert, in whom a test was performed in 82 (75%) cases; 59 (72%) tested positive and were initiated on treatment within 24 h.