Safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345 RSV vaccine coadministered with an influenza or COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older: an observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: Coadministration of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine with seasonal influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could reduce health-care visits and increase vaccination uptake in older adults who are at high risk for severe respiratory disease. The RSV mRNA-1345 vaccine demonstrated efficacy against RSV disease with acceptable safety in the ConquerRSV trial in adults aged 60 years and older. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345 coadministered with a seasonal influenza vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

Leveraging Real-World Evidence to Define Severe RSV Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in Adults.

Introduction: As no standard case definitions for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract disease (RSV-LRTD) in adults are available, this study analyzed definitions for severe RSV-LRTD from previously published data in hospital and community cohorts of adults with RSV-associated symptoms.

Methods: The frequency, sensitivity, and specificity of acute respiratory disease symptoms among hospitalized and community cohorts of adults with RSV were analyzed. RSV-LRTD signs/symptoms assessed included shortness of breath (dyspnea), cough and/or fever, wheezing/rales/rhonchi (abnormal lung sounds by auscultation), sputum production, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and pleuritic chest pain.

Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-based RSV vaccine in Japanese older adults aged ≥60 years: A phase 1, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a global health concern, including in older adults. This study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345, an investigational mRNA RSV vaccine, in adults aged ≥60 years of Japanese descent.

Methods: In this phase 1, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study, participants were randomized to receive one injection of mRNA-1345 100 μg or placebo.

Efficacy and Safety of an mRNA-Based RSV PreF Vaccine in Older Adults.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among older adults. An mRNA-based RSV vaccine, mRNA-1345, encoding the stabilized RSV prefusion F glycoprotein, is under clinical investigation.

Methods: In this ongoing, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2-3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, adults 60 years of age or older to receive one dose of mRNA-1345 (50 μg) or placebo.

The risk of refeeding syndrome among severely malnourished tuberculosis patients in Chhattisgarh, India.

Background: A secondary care hospital in rural India serving a highly tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition endemic region.

Objective: In this study conducted on patients with chronic protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and TB, we sought to compare nurse-estimated vs. smartphone photograph analytic methods for assessing caloric intake and determine the incidence of refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) and refeeding syndrome (RFS) in patients with TB.

Chloroquine as weekly chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment to prevent malaria in pregnancy in Malawi: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance threatens efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy, and alternative regimens need to be identified. With the return of chloroquine efficacy in southern Africa, we postulated that chloroquine either as an intermittent therapy or as weekly chemoprophylaxis would be more efficacious than intermittent sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in pregnancy and associated maternal and newborn adverse outcomes.

Methods: We did an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial at Ndirande Health Centre, Blantyre, in southern Malawi.

Immunization Coverage Surveys and Linked Biomarker Serosurveys in Three Regions in Ethiopia.

Objective: Demographic and health surveys, immunization coverage surveys and administrative data often divergently estimate vaccination coverage, which hinders pinpointing districts where immunization services require strengthening. We assayed vaccination coverage in three regions in Ethiopia by coverage surveys and linked serosurveys.

Methods: Households with children aged 12-23 (N = 300) or 6-8 months (N = 100) in each of three districts (woredas) were randomly selected for immunization coverage surveys (inspection of vaccination cards and immunization clinic records and maternal recall) and linked serosurveys.

Identification of common transcriptional regulatory elements in interleukin-17 target genes.

Interleukin (IL)-17 is the founding member of a novel family of inflammatory cytokines. Although produced by T cells, IL-17 activates genes and signals typical of innate immune mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-1beta. Most IL-17 target genes characterized to date are cytokines or neutrophil-attractive chemokines.