Enhancing Amyloid PET Quantification: MRI-Guided Super-Resolution Using Latent Diffusion Models.

Amyloid PET imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and research of Alzheimer's disease (AD), allowing non-invasive detection of amyloid-β plaques in the brain. However, the low spatial resolution of PET scans limits the accurate quantification of amyloid deposition due to partial volume effects (PVE). In this study, we propose a novel approach to addressing PVE using a latent diffusion model for resolution recovery (LDM-RR) of PET imaging.

Multifunctional 2D FETs exploiting incipient ferroelectricity in freestanding SrTiO nanomembranes at sub-ambient temperatures.

Incipient ferroelectricity bridges traditional dielectrics and true ferroelectrics, enabling advanced electronic and memory devices. Firstly, we report incipient ferroelectricity in freestanding SrTiO nanomembranes integrated with monolayer MoS to create multifunctional devices, demonstrating stable ferroelectric order at low temperatures for cryogenic memory devices. Our observation includes ultra-fast polarization switching (~10 ns), low switching voltage (<6 V), over 10 years of nonvolatile retention, 100,000 endurance cycles, and 32 conductance states (5-bit memory) in SrTiO-gated MoS transistors at 15 K and up to 100 K.

Malignant Insulinoma: Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Strategies in a Case of Persistent Hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia in non-diabetic individuals is a rare but critical condition that often signals an underlying pathology. Insulinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, is a key differential diagnosis. As the most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, insulinomas originate from pancreatic islet cells and are predominantly benign.

Resolution of chyluria due to congenital malformation with a minimally invasive procedure.

Milky white urine is most commonly due to chyluria secondary to filariasis, though other causes of milky white urine and other etiologies of chyluria must be considered. Evaluation of a 3-year-old girl with milky white urine demonstrated chyluria, but testing for filariasis was negative despite a history of travel to an endemic region. Magnetic resonance lymphangiography demonstrated a congenital lymphatic malformation, which was repaired following this minimally invasive imaging technique.

Comparison of functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with or without end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a propensity-score matched study.

Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) increases mortality among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ICH patients with ESRD on HD versus propensity-score matched controls.

Methods: This is a single center retrospective study.

Shortwave-Infrared-Emitting Nanoprobes for CD8 Targeting and In Vivo Imaging of Cytotoxic T Cells in Breast Cancer.

Checkpoint immunotherapy has made great strides in the treatment of solid tumors, but many patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Identification of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) has the potential to stratify patients and monitor immunotherapy responses. In this study, the design of cluster of differentiation (CD8) T cell-targeted nanoprobes that emit shortwave infrared (SWIR) light in the second tissue-transparent window for noninvasive, real-time imaging of CTLs in murine models of breast cancer is presented.

Combined AMRI and ALRI of the Knee in Elite Kabaddi Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 26 Players.

Introduction: ACL tears are the most common injuries in kabaddi, an inherently violent high pivoting and high-velocity direct contact sport. Combined ACL and MCL injuries and combined ACL and ALL injuries have been better understood but there is a lacuna of literature on these combined injuries in kabaddi players and no literature on combined AMRI and ALRI injuries. The present prospective cohort study aims to assess knee outcomes and return to sport for these injuries in elite kabaddi players.

Mini-LET: A Technique Note.

Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has shown an upswing in popularity since the role of antero-lateral rotatory instability (ALRI) in ACL tears has become better understood. Its primary aim is to restore antero-lateral rotatory stability and hence reduce stresses placed on the ACL graft in high-risk individuals which should reduce graft failure rates. Many techniques have been described for LET using a variety of fixation methods (screws, anchors, etc.

Medical Misinformation and Quality of Public Video Content on Cannabis for Chronic Pain Management: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the YouTube Platform.

Background: As cannabis legalization expands nationally and globally, its use for chronic pain increases, prompting people to seek information on social media platforms like YouTube. This study evaluates the accuracy and quality of information of popular YouTube videos on cannabis for chronic pain.

Methods: Using search terms related to cannabis for pain, the top 66 videos by view count were selected.

Breaking boundaries: Ticagrelor monotherapy in high-risk patients.

Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a leading cause of arterial thrombosis that significantly impacts global health by instigating major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) like myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Platelets are central to this process, leading to the development of antiplatelet therapies, to mitigate MACE risks. The combination of aspirin with a potent P2Y inhibitor known as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the standard for post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) aimed at reducing ischemic events.

3-Dimensional (3D) Isotropic MRI of the Shoulder - Advantages Over 2D MRI.

The increasing implementation of high-field MRI scanners and the development of novel imaging techniques have rendered 3D imaging of joints more feasible and efficient than ever. This article describes the current state of 3D MRI of the shoulder and highlights the benefits of the technique over conventional 2D MRI with respect to shoulder derangements.

The Effect of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor and Statin Combination Therapy on Overall Survival and Gastrointestinal Toxicity.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, have been approved to treat a variety of cancers. Recently, studies have suggested that ICIs and statins are synergistic. However, the addition of statins to ICI therapy may increase the risk of gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Diagnosis of Vascular Anomalies in Patients with Skin of Color.

Vascular anomalies can be broadly classified as vascular tumors or vascular malformations, depending on the degree of endothelial involvement. These lesions can be subtle and challenging to diagnose in individuals with darker skin tones, which can lead to a delay in treatment. Improving diagnostic accuracy of these lesions may prevent progression and potential adverse outcomes when left untreated.

An Automated Electronic Health Record Score to Estimate Length of Stay and Readmission in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Patients treated with radical cystectomy experience a high rate of postoperative complications and frequent hospital readmissions. We sought to explore the utility of the Care Assessment Need (CAN) score, derived from electronic health data, to estimate the risk of these adverse clinical outcomes, thereby aiding patient counseling and informed treatment decision-making.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively examined data from 982 patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy between 2013 and 2018 within the national Veterans Health Administration system.

Torsemide in Edema Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Torsemide is a loop diuretic used to manage edema associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI). It acts by inhibiting sodium and chloride ions reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thereby increasing urine output and reducing fluid accumulation. Compared to other diuretics, torsemide has an extended duration of action, higher bioavailability, and its elimination route is primarily through the hepatic route, making it effective in patients with CKD and AKI.

Digital Otoscopy With Computer-Aided Composite Image Generation: Impact on the Correct Diagnosis, Confidence, and Time.

Objective: This study investigated the comparative performance of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physicians in correctly detecting ear abnormalities when reviewing digital otoscopy imaging using 3 different visualization methods, including computer-assisted composite images called "SelectStitch," single video frame "Still" images, and video clips. The study also explored clinicians' diagnostic confidence levels and the time to make a diagnosis.

Study Design: Clinician diagnostic reader study.

National Estimates for the Percentage of All Readmissions With Demographic Features, Morbidity, Overall and Gender-Specific Mortality of Transcutaneous Versus Open Surgical Tricuspid Valve Replacement/Repair.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine national estimates for the percentage of all readmissions with demographic features, length of stay (LOS), cost analysis, comorbidities, complications, overall and gender-specific mortality and complications of transcutaneous tricuspid valve replacement/repair (TTVR) vs. open surgical tricuspid valve replacement/repair (open TVR).

Methods: Data were extrapolated from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) 2015-19.

A new, adaptive, self-administered, and generalizable method used to measure visual acuity.

Significance: Angular Indication Measurement (AIM) is an adaptive, self-administered, and generalizable orientation-judgment method designed to interrogate visual functions. We introduce AIM Visual Acuity (VA) and show its features and outcome measures. Angular Indication Measurement VA's ability to detect defocus was comparable with that of an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter chart and showed greater sensitivity to astigmatic blur.

Optimizing time-in-target-range assessment for blood pressure: insights from a large-scale study with continual cuffless monitoring.

Introduction: Blood pressure (BP) time-in-target-range (TTR) is an emerging predictor of cardiovascular risk. Conventional BP methods are fundamentally unable to provide an optimal assessment of TTR, using irregular measurements separated by lengthy intervals. We investigated the optimal duration and frequency for reliable, practical TTR assessment in clinical settings using continual monitoring.

Gastrointestinal toxicities of proteasome inhibitor therapy.

Purpose: Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which cause cell death via tumor suppressor and pro-apoptotic proteins, are integral to treatment of many hematologic malignancies but are limited by their gastrointestinal adverse effects. Evidence regarding these PI-related adverse effects is scant. In this study, we evaluated gastrointestinal adverse events caused by PIs and compared gastrointestinal toxicities between bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib.