A tabletop exercise approach to global disaster preparedness: insights from Nepal's first international conference on disaster preparedness and management.

Considering recent earthquakes and the COVID-19 pandemic, disaster preparedness has come to the forefront of the public health agenda in Nepal. To strengthen the developing health system, many initiatives are being implemented at different levels of society to build resiliency, one of which is through training and education. The first International Conference on Disaster Preparedness and Management convened in Dhulikhel, Nepal on December 1-3, 2023.

Evidence for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in invasive breast cancer tissues.

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has recently been demonstrated to infect and enhance the invasive properties of breast cancer cells, while also influencing the expression of inflammatory chemokines (CXCL8 and CXCL10). This study investigates the presence of B. burgdorferi in invasive breast cancer tissues using commercially available, FDA-approved breast cancer tissue microarrays consisting of 350 ductal, 32 lobular, and 22 intraductal invasive breast carcinomas, alongside 29 normal breast tissues.

A study on histological grading systems of oral squamous cell carcinoma and comparison of their efficacy in determining the nature (clinical and histopathological) and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging has been widely used for treatment planning and prognostication of oral cancers; however, TNM staging system alone is insufficient for optimal prognostication. A combined assessment of clinical staging and cytomorphology might serve as a more specific measure for prognostication. The present study attempted to compare the efficacy of histologic grading systems (Jakobbson et al.

Emergency Medicine Residents' Perceptions of Working and Training in a Pandemic Epicenter: A Qualitative Analysis.

Introduction: We sought to describe the range of emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians' perceptions and experiences of working and training during the initial coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surge at two, large-volume, urban training hospitals in Brooklyn, New York.

Methods: A total of 25 EM resident physicians who worked at either of two large emergency departments (ED) from March 15-April 11, 2020 participated in semi-structured interviews conducted in July and August 2020. Interviews were conducted by the authors who were also emergency medicine resident physicians working in the ED during this time.

Language diversity and challenges to communication in Indian emergency departments.

Background: Communication in emergency departments (ED) in India is complicated by the country's immense language diversity. Prior research has revealed challenges in language and communication as barriers to care. Our objective was to quantify language diversity among clinicians in Indian EDs and better understand issues related to clinician-clinician and clinician-patient communication.

A correlation of immunohistochemical expression of and severity of inflammation with varying grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Epithelial cells exposed to carcinogens and genetic damage, once surpass reversible cell damage, either undergo apoptosis or transform into malignancy, chiefly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Progressive accumulation of genetic errors in TP53 results in tumorigenesis. Inflammation is also a modulator in this process.

Identification of Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures via Simple Text Search of Routine Radiology Reports.

Secondary fracture prevention programs mostly identify patients with symptomatic non-vertebral fractures, whereas asymptomatic vertebral fractures are usually missed. We here describe the development and validation of a simple method to systematically identify patients with radiographic vertebral fractures using simple text-based searching of free-text radiology reports. The study consisted of two phases.

Management of rotator cuff tears in the elderly population.

Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness in the elderly (age > 65yrs) and result in reduced quality of life, loss of income and a burden on health care. With the elderly population living longer there is a growing interest in the effective and efficient management of RCTs. In a majority of cases, the initial treatment is conservative, with physical therapy, analgesics and possibly corticosteroid or plasma rich protein injections.

A correlation of immunohistochemical expression of and in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) occurs on exposure of epithelial cells to carcinogens and genetic alteration. Once the reversible cell damage is surpassed, cells either undergo apoptosis or transform into malignancy, chiefly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Progressive accumulation of genetic errors (including mutations in TP53 and CDKN1A) is associated with the initiation and progression of potentially malignant oral lesions toward frank malignancy.

Acute arthritis: predictive factors and current practice in the approach to diagnosis and management across two hospitals in Sydney.

Background: Literature pertaining to the predictive factors for septic arthritis is limited.

Aims: The primary objective was to investigate the predictive factors for septic arthritis. The secondary objectives were to investigate the predictive factors for crystal arthritis and to explore current practices in the management of acute arthritis.

Shoulder replacement for osteoarthritis: A review of surgical management.

Osteoarthritis of the shoulder is caused by progressive cartilage wear of the glenohumeral joint. Its prevalence is increasing due to our ageing population and it may affect up to one-third of people over 60 years of age. Patients usually complain of pain with restricted shoulder movement and function.

Driving the Mineral out Faster: Simple Modifications of the Decalcification Technique.

Introduction: Quicker decalcification is essential for faster diagnosis of hard tissue pathology. Heat and mechanical agitation are known to hasten decalcification.

Aim: To compare the rate of decalcification, cellular and staining characteristics of decalcified specimens of bone and teeth by using the conventional method (10% formal formic acid), heating to 45(o)C and by physical agitation with magnetic stirrer.

Post-radiation changes in oral tissues - An analysis of cancer irradiation cases.

Introduction: Radiation, commonly employed as neoadjuvant, primary, and adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancer causes numerous epithelial and stromal changes, prominent among which is fibrosis with its early and late consequences. Very little is known about the true nature of the fibrosed tissue and the type of fibers accumulated. Radiotherapy affects the supporting tumor stroma often resulting in a worsening grade of tumor post-radiation.