Electrochemical Analysis of the Thermal Stability of 0.9-4.1 nm Diameter Gold Nanoclusters.

Here we report the thermal properties of weakly stabilized 0.9, 1.6, and 4.

Nanoporous Thin Films Formed from Photocleavable Diblock Copolymers on Gold Substrates Modified with Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers.

Nanoporous thin films formed on electrodes are considered functional elements of electrochemical sensing systems, thus motivating methods for their development. We report a preparative strategy detailing the effects of surface modification of gold substrates with thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the properties of nanoporous thin films derived from polystyrene--poly(ethylene oxide) having a photocleavable -nitrobenzyl ester junction (PS-ν-PEO). Two PS-ν-PEO having similar PEO volume fractions (≈0.

Size Determination of Metal Nanoparticles Based on Electrochemically Measured Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratios.

Here we report the electrochemical determination of the surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA/ V) of Au nanospheres (NSs) attached to electrode surfaces for size analysis. The SA is determined by electrochemically measuring the number of coulombs of charge passed during the reduction of surface AuO following Au NS oxidation in HClO, whereas V is determined by electrochemically measuring the coulombs of charge passed during the complete oxidative dissolution of all of the Au in the Au NSs in the presence of Br to form aqueous soluble AuBr. Assuming a spherical geometry and taking into account the total number of Au NSs on the electrode surface, the SA/ V is theoretically equal to 3/radius.

Aggregation-Dependent Oxidation of Metal Nanoparticles.

Here we describe the effect of aggregation on the oxidation of citrate-stabilized Au nanoparticles (NPs) attached electrostatically to amine-functionalized glass/ITO electrodes. When the Au NPs are attached to the electrode from a solution with pH greater than ∼3.0, they are well-separated on the electrode and oxidize in bromide-containing electrolyte at 0.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist prevents development of tolerance to anti-anxiety effect of ethanol and withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats.

Unlabelled: Despite major advances in the understanding about ethanol actions, the precise underlying neurobiological mechanisms for ethanol dependence remain largely elusive. We recently reported that inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV), an enzyme responsible for metabolism of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), delays tolerance to anti-anxiety effect of ethanol and withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats. Intrigued with this report, present study examined the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, liraglutide in (1) acute anti-anxiety effect of ethanol; (2) tolerance to ethanol's anti-anxiety-effect and (3) ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety using elevated plus maze (EPM) test in rats.

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor delays tolerance to anxiolytic effect of ethanol and withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats.

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of endogenous gut-derived hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). DPP-IV is known for its role in energy homeostasis and pharmacological blockade of this enzyme is a recently approved clinical strategy for the management of type II diabetes. Accumulating evidences suggest that enzyme DPP-IV can affect spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) functions.

GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide reverses long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment associated behavioral depression and metabolic abnormalities in rats.

Mood disorder patients that are on long-term atypical antipsychotics treatment frequently experience metabolic dysfunctions. In addition to this, accumulating evidences points to increased risk of structural abnormalities, brain volume changes, altered neuroplasticity and behavioral depression with long-term antipsychotics use. However, there is paucity of preclinical evidences for long-term antipsychotic associated depression-like behavior.