The epidemiology and role of surgery in the treatment of urethral clear cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To perform a retrospective analysis of the epidemiology and role of surgery on survival in patients with urethral clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods: UCCC cases diagnosed from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 2014, were extracted from SEER. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables.

Patient Demographics and Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation (ECMO)-Related Complications Associated With Survival to Discharge or 30-Day Survival in Adult Patients Receiving Venoarterial (VA) and Venovenous (VV) ECMO in a Quaternary Care Urban Center.

Objective: Investigate how a multitude of patient demographics and extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO)-related complications affect 30-day survival or survival to discharge.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Urban university hospital, quaternary care center.

DAMGO modulates two-pore domain K(+) channels in the substantia gelatinosa neurons of rat spinal cord.

The analgesic mechanism of opioids is known to decrease the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons receiving the synaptic inputs from primary nociceptive afferent fiber by increasing inwardly rectifying K(+) current. In this study, we examined whether a µ-opioid agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), affects the two-pore domain K(+) channel (K2P) current in rat SG neurons using a slice whole-cell patch clamp technique. Also we confirmed which subtypes of K2P channels were associated with DAMGO-induced currents, measuring the expression of K2P channel in whole spinal cord and SG region.

SUMO proteins are involved in the stress response during spermatogenesis and are localized to DNA double-strand breaks in germ cells.

Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) proteins have been implicated in cellular stress response in different tissues, but whether sumoylation has a similar role during spermatogenesis is currently unknown. In this study, changes in the levels of both free SUMO isoforms and high-molecular weight (HMW) SUMO conjugates were monitored before and after the induction of different types of cellular stresses. Using cell lines and primary cells freshly isolated from mouse testes, significant changes were detected in the levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 conjugates following short exposure of the cells to heat stress and oxidative stress.